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Visibility forecast — how to read it

The visibility map shows forecast horizontal surface visibility in kilometres, derived from the DWD ICON-D2 model. Together with ceiling, it's what determines the GAFOR category and whether the day is legally VFR.

ClearToFly visibility forecast for Thu Jul 16 at 06:00 CEST across southern Bavaria. A large purple pool of visibility below 1 km blankets the Augsburg → Munich → Landshut corridor, with a smaller purple patch over Ulm / Reutlingen. Scattered orange / yellow noise (5–10 km) surrounds the fog cores. Green (10+ km) elsewhere. A hover tooltip near EDMA reads 0.2 km. The right-side legend runs from purple (< 1 km) through red / orange / yellow into three tones of green (10–20 / 20–50 / > 50 km).
Munich, Thursday morning at 06:00 CEST. A textbook overnight radiation-fog pool has settled over the low ground from Augsburg through Munich to Landshut — a wide purple ribbon of visibility below 1 km, with a second, smaller pool over Ulm/Reutlingen. 0.2 km tooltip near EDMA Aichach. Green (unrestricted VFR) everywhere the fog isn't. Fog forms overnight in the calm, humid air trapped in the river valleys and pools until the surface warms after sunrise.

What the field actually is

ICON-D2 emits a diagnostic visibility field that combines relative humidity, precipitation type, and aerosol load into a single ground-level distance. It's the model's estimate of what a pilot would report as prevailing visibility — not a direct METAR measurement.

How to read the colors

When it matters most

Fog and mist are visibility problems, not ceiling problems. On a calm autumn morning you can have an unlimited ceiling and 500 m visibility — the sky is clear, but you can't see the airfield. Visibility is what tells you.

Reading the Bavarian fog pool

The purple pool in the screenshot above is a good study case. Two things drive it:

Practical takeaway: for a Bavarian departure on a calm summer morning, check both the visibility map at your planned departure hour and the visibility panel of the meteogram at your destination airfield — the meteogram shows how quickly the fog is expected to lift. Fog that clears by 09:00 in the forecast usually clears by 10:00 in reality; fog that's still purple at noon is a different day.

Model caveats — fog is fast

Real-world visibility in fog can change over minutes; ICON-D2 works on a 15-minute (RUC) or hourly time step and is smoothed to the 2.1 km grid. Treat the visibility map as a heads-up that fog is likely, not a guarantee that a specific airfield will be open. For go/no-go inside 3 hours, cross-check current METARs.

Conversely, precipitation-driven low visibility (rain, snow) tends to track well — the model resolves the precipitation shield, and the visibility field follows it.