AI Weather Synopsis | ClearToFly

This synopsis is generated by AI and may contain inaccuracies.

Hot and largely clear across the domain. Most zones are GAFOR Charlie with ceilings well above 5000ft and excellent visibility. Convective CAPE is building strongly over the Alps (up to 3650 J/kg), Adriatic, and France South — afternoon thunderstorm risk is significant in these areas, with gusts locally exceeding 40kt in the Alps and France North. British Isles carry a broad SCT–BKN layer between 3000–5000ft under a fresh 12kt easterly with gusts to 41kt. Temperatures 24–35°C across most zones, peaking near 38°C in France and the Adriatic.

Convective activity intensifies into the evening. Thunderstorm risk remains high over the Alps (CAPE >3700 J/kg, gusts to 66kt — dangerous for all aircraft), Adriatic, France South, and spreading into Germany Central and West. Most of Germany and Benelux remain clear with ceilings above 5000ft, but isolated shower/storm cells are possible. British Isles maintain SCT cloud around 3000ft with strong 10–13kt easterlies and gusts to 43kt. Winds in France North average 8–9kt with gusts to 49kt in convective cells.

Overnight convection clears across much of northern and western Germany, leaving mostly clear skies with ceilings above 5000ft and good visibility. Showers persist over Germany South (rain affecting 40–57% of the zone, gusts to 35kt) and the Alps (showers/rain widespread, gusts to 42kt, CAPE still 1700–2600 J/kg). Poland and Czech/Slovakia carry residual cloud with ceilings below 3000ft in 10–24% of the zone. British Isles develop extensive low cloud — BKN to OVC below 3000ft over much of the zone with some fog patches; visibility locally reduced. Fog patches also possible in Germany South valleys.

Severe convection develops across a broad swathe. Germany Central and West see thunderstorms with CAPE 1600–1900 J/kg, gusts to 60kt in Germany Central and 52kt in Germany West — hazardous for light aircraft. Alps remain very active (CAPE up to 3200 J/kg, gusts to 72kt — extreme danger). France North and South build strong convection (CAPE 2000–3800 J/kg, gusts to 54kt). Germany Coast and Berlin are largely clear with ceilings above 5000ft and light winds. British Isles clear somewhat with SCT cloud around 3000–5000ft but strong 10–11kt easterlies and gusts to 47kt persist.

The most dangerous convective period of the week. Germany Central reports thunderstorms with CAPE up to 1750 J/kg, gusts to 71kt, and 24–34% of the zone affected by significant weather. Germany West sees gusts to 65kt with 20–46% of the zone gusty. Alps remain extremely hazardous — gusts to 69kt, CAPE 2900–3900 J/kg, 80%+ of the zone with active showers. Germany South also severe with gusts to 62kt. France and Adriatic continue active convection. Northern zones (Coast, Berlin, Denmark/Sweden, Benelux) remain largely clear and flyable.

Post-convective clearing across northern and western zones. Germany Coast, Berlin, Benelux, Denmark/Sweden, and France North are largely clear with ceilings above 5000ft and good visibility — GAFOR Charlie/Oscar. However, a significant rain/fog band affects Germany South (BKN 3000ft in 24–30% of the zone, visibility below 5km in up to 34%), Czech/Slovakia/Austria (BKN–OVC below 3000ft in 23–30%, visibility below 8km in 19–29%), and Poland (BKN below 3000ft in 33–43%, visibility below 5km in up to 22%). Alps see residual showers with gusts to 55kt. Germany Central has patchy low cloud and reduced visibility in 2–14% of the zone. Fog is the dominant code across several zones.

Conditions improve markedly across most zones as the high reasserts. Germany, Benelux, France, and Denmark/Sweden are largely clear with ceilings above 5000ft — GAFOR Charlie predominates. However, convection rebuilds strongly over the Alps (CAPE 2300–2800 J/kg, gusts to 54kt, 43–49% of the zone gusty above 20kt), Czech/Slovakia (CAPE 1700–1900 J/kg, showers in 29–41% of the zone), and Poland (showers in 29–35%). Germany South sees renewed convection with gusts to 40kt. France South builds extreme CAPE (3700–4500 J/kg) with showers developing. Adriatic is very active (CAPE 4200–5000 J/kg, gusts to 42kt).

Convection continues over southern and eastern zones. Alps remain active (CAPE 2600–3800 J/kg, gusts to 54kt, 33–47% of the zone with significant weather). Czech/Slovakia sees widespread showers (CAPE 1800–2000 J/kg, 8–29% significant weather). Poland carries showers in 35–41% of the zone. France South and Adriatic maintain very high CAPE (4200–4400 J/kg) with active showers. Northern zones — Germany Coast, Berlin, Benelux, Denmark/Sweden, British Isles — remain clear to SCT, mostly GAFOR Charlie. Germany West and Central are largely clear with only isolated shower risk.

A complex morning with fog and low cloud affecting eastern zones. Czech/Slovakia/Austria sees the worst conditions — ceilings below 3000ft in up to 31% of the zone, visibility below 8km in up to 57%, with fog dominant; GAFOR Delta/Mike possible in affected areas. Poland similarly affected with BKN below 3000ft in 29–49% and visibility below 5km in up to 45%. Germany South has patchy low cloud (up to 22% below 3000ft) and visibility issues. Germany Coast, Berlin, Benelux, and Denmark/Sweden remain clear. Alps continue with showers and gusts to 46kt. Rain affects 40–54% of Germany Berlin zone. [ICON-EU ~7km resolution from this point — broad trends only.]

Gradual improvement across eastern zones as fog lifts. Czech/Slovakia clears to mostly above 3000ft. Poland still carries BKN cloud in 16–29% of the zone with showers. Germany South sees renewed convection (CAPE 1900–2200 J/kg, gusts to 35kt). Alps remain active with CAPE 2300–2800 J/kg and gusts to 55kt. Adriatic builds extreme CAPE (3100–4000 J/kg). France and western Germany are largely clear and warm (27–34°C). Germany Berlin zone sees widespread rain (97–100% precipitation coverage) with BKN–OVC cloud. Denmark/Sweden and Benelux remain clear.

Pressure begins to ease slightly (1014–1021 hPa). Germany Berlin zone sees continued heavy rain (100% coverage, avg 9mm/h). Germany South and Alps maintain active convection (CAPE 1900–3300 J/kg, gusts to 50kt in Alps). Adriatic reaches extreme CAPE (4100–4500 J/kg, gusts to 40kt). France North and South remain largely clear with good ceilings. Denmark/Sweden and Benelux are clear. Germany Central, West, and Coast are mostly clear with only isolated shower risk. Rain affects 15–22% of Denmark/Sweden zone.

Conditions deteriorate across northern and eastern zones as pressure falls to 1012–1020 hPa. Germany Coast develops BKN–OVC cloud (23–36% below 3000ft, 46–57% below 5000ft) with visibility below 5km in up to 15% of the zone — GAFOR Oscar/Delta. Germany Berlin sees the worst conditions: ceilings below 3000ft in 10–48% of the zone, visibility below 8km in up to 48%, rain widespread. Denmark/Sweden carries BKN cloud (16–17% below 3000ft) with rain in 52–59% of the zone. France North develops SCT–BKN below 3000ft (7–14%) with showers. Germany South and Alps see heavy showers (gusts to 48kt in Alps, 37kt in Germany South). Fog patches possible in several zones.

Deterioration continues across northern zones. Germany Coast maintains BKN cloud (18–24% below 3000ft). Germany Berlin improves slightly but still SCT below 3000ft in 2–10%. Denmark/Sweden carries BKN cloud (14–17% below 3000ft) with rain in 60–65% of the zone. France North has SCT below 3000ft (9–14%) with showers. Germany South remains very active convectively (CAPE 1400 J/kg, gusts to 48kt, 67–69% of the zone with significant weather). Alps continue heavy showers (gusts to 60kt, 31–32% significant weather). Adriatic builds extreme CAPE (3200–4200 J/kg). Western zones (Germany West, Benelux, France) are largely clear with good ceilings.

Pressure gradient increases (1008–1020 hPa, gradient 12 hPa) with wind direction shifting toward northwest/north. Germany Coast sees BKN cloud (14–24% below 3000ft) with rain, winds averaging 8–9kt with gusts to 23kt. Denmark/Sweden deteriorates further — BKN below 3000ft in 13–15% of the zone, rain in 69–72%, winds backing southwesterly. Germany Berlin carries SCT below 3000ft. Alps remain very active (CAPE 2300 J/kg, gusts to 60kt, 36–57% significant weather). Germany South sees extreme convection (CAPE 1400 J/kg, gusts to 50kt, 30–70% significant weather). France North and Benelux remain largely clear.

A significant frontal system arrives. Pressure gradient expands to 20 hPa with winds averaging 7–17kt and shifting to westerly/northwesterly. Germany Coast develops BKN below 3000ft (54% of the zone). Germany Berlin sees OVC conditions (85% below 3000ft, 86% below 5000ft) with heavy rain (avg 11mm/h) and gusts to 35kt. Denmark/Sweden is largely OVC (73% below 3000ft) with gusts to 51kt — dangerous for light aircraft. Germany West has BKN below 3000ft (56%). Benelux carries BKN below 3000ft (38%) and BKN below 5000ft (69%). Poland and Czech/Slovakia see BKN cloud developing. Alps continue with heavy showers (avg 24mm/h, gusts to 40kt). Adriatic remains active with CAPE 3300 J/kg. Conditions across much of the domain are trending toward GAFOR Delta/Mike.

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FIS Bremen / Hamburg ▶

Excellent conditions. Ceilings well above 5000ft across virtually the entire zone, visibility good. Light NE winds averaging 4–8kt, locally up to 16kt. Temperatures 25–30°C. High CAPE (up to 2226 J/kg) signals significant convective potential — isolated afternoon thunderstorms possible, especially inland. GAFOR predominantly Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.1%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.5-29.1°C

Wind: 6.3kt (max 12.3kt), gusts 19.7kt

CAPE: max 2226 J/kg

Convective risk increasing. Ceilings remain high (above 5000ft for nearly all the zone), visibility good. Winds freshening to average 8–9kt, gusts up to 38kt locally — about 22% of the zone seeing gusts above 20kt. CAPE still elevated (up to 2083 J/kg). Isolated showers or thunderstorms possible. Light aircraft should be alert to gusty conditions.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.2-29.9°C

Wind: 8.7kt (max 18.8kt), gusts 38.1kt

CAPE: max 2045 J/kg

Post-convective clearing. Ceilings high, mostly above 5000ft; FEW below 10000ft. Visibility good. Light NE winds 5–8kt, gusts to 22kt. Temperatures 16–25°C. Residual shower activity (dominant WW: showers) but CAPE near zero — convection weakening. GAFOR predominantly Charlie.

prev: X-Ray → Charlie

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.8-19.9°C

Wind: 6.2kt (max 12.0kt), gusts 18.0kt

Settled and warm. Ceilings high, FEW below 10000ft. Visibility excellent. NE winds averaging 8–9kt, gusts to 25kt with about 8% of the zone seeing gusts above 20kt. Temperatures 25–30°C. Low-level CAPE rebuilding slightly (up to 1544 J/kg) — isolated afternoon showers possible. GAFOR predominantly Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.4%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.2-28.5°C

Wind: 8.8kt (max 14.0kt), gusts 23.2kt

CAPE: max 1054 J/kg

Good conditions continuing. Ceilings high, essentially clear below 5000ft. Visibility excellent. NE winds 6–10kt, gusts to 27kt; about 26% of the zone with gusts above 20kt — light aircraft note gusty coastal winds. CAPE 1061–1621 J/kg; isolated showers possible. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.0-29.2°C

Wind: 9.5kt (max 16.3kt), gusts 26.4kt

CAPE: max 1341 J/kg

Very calm and clear. Ceilings above 10000ft across virtually the entire zone. Visibility good; slight fog risk in a small fraction of the zone (coastal/maritime areas). Very light NE winds 3–4kt, gusts to 13kt. Temperatures 15–20°C. Convective potential negligible. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.5-20.1°C

Wind: 3.6kt (max 7.7kt), gusts 13.1kt

Fine and warm. Ceilings high, FEW below 10000ft. Visibility excellent. NNE winds averaging 6–9kt, gusts to 25kt with up to 14% of the zone seeing gusts above 20kt. Temperatures 22–28°C. CAPE marginal (up to 670 J/kg). No significant weather. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.6-27.0°C

Wind: 6.8kt (max 11.3kt), gusts 18.7kt

Conditions remain good. Ceilings high, FEW below 10000ft. Visibility excellent. NNE winds 6–9kt, gusts to 25kt; up to 16% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. Temperatures 21–28°C. Slight convective activity possible (CAPE up to 954 J/kg). Trending stable. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.7-27.1°C

Wind: 8.9kt (max 14.8kt), gusts 24.0kt

CAPE: max 818 J/kg

Conditions gradually declining. Ceilings still mostly high but FEW below 10000ft in up to 28% of the zone. Visibility good. Very light southerly winds 3–5kt. Rain developing — over 26% of the zone reporting significant weather, dominant code rain. Precipitation increasing (up to 3.9mm/h). GAFOR Oscar to Charlie, locally Delta where rain reduces visibility.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.5-19.8°C

Wind: 3.4kt (max 9.4kt), gusts 12.4kt

Deteriorating with approaching frontal rain. Ceilings lowering — FEW to SCT below 10000ft (up to 42% of zone). Visibility mostly good but locally reduced. Light winds 5kt, backing southerly. Rain widespread — up to 44% of the zone with significant weather. Precipitation 0.4–0.8mm/h. GAFOR Oscar, locally Delta.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.3%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 17.0-24.3°C

Wind: 5.5kt (max 11.9kt), gusts 16.6kt

Conditions declining further. Ceilings lowering — SCT to BKN below 10000ft (about 50% of zone), SCT below 5000ft (about 20%), FEW below 3000ft (about 10%). Visibility mostly good but locally reduced. Rain widespread (up to 37% of zone). Precipitation 1.2–1.4mm/h. Southerly winds 5–6kt. GAFOR Oscar, locally Delta.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 4.3%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 16.3-23.6°C

Wind: 5.6kt (max 11.2kt), gusts 18.8kt

Significant deterioration. Ceilings lowering markedly — BKN below 10000ft (about 70%), SCT below 5000ft (about 55%), FEW to SCT below 3000ft (about 36%), FEW below 1000ft (about 11%). Visibility reduced — up to 15% of zone below 5km, 17% below 8km. Rain and fog (dominant WW: fog). Precipitation 1.9–2.0mm/h. Light northerly winds 4–5kt. Conditions difficult in places. GAFOR Delta to Mike.

Ceil <500ft: 5.8%

Ceil <1000ft: 11.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 36.3%

Vis <5km: 14.6%

Temp: 13.2-18.3°C

Wind: 4.4kt (max 12.6kt), gusts 17.8kt

Persistent low ceilings and rain. BKN below 10000ft (about 70%), SCT below 5000ft (about 45%), FEW to SCT below 3000ft (about 24%). Visibility mostly adequate but locally reduced (about 1% below 5km). Rain continuing, 2.0–2.4mm/h. Winds light southerly 5–6kt, gusts to 19kt. GAFOR Oscar to Delta.

Ceil <1000ft: 2.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 17.6%

Vis <5km: 0.7%

Temp: 16.6-24.8°C

Wind: 6.3kt (max 14.3kt), gusts 19.3kt

Conditions remain poor with rain. BKN below 10000ft (about 65%), SCT below 5000ft (about 27%), FEW to SCT below 3000ft (about 23%). Visibility mostly good. Rain widespread (up to 18% significant weather). Precipitation 2.9mm/h. Winds backing NW, averaging 8–9kt, gusts to 23kt with up to 9% of zone above 20kt. GAFOR Oscar to Delta.

Ceil <1000ft: 2.4%

Ceil <3000ft: 14.3%

Vis <5km: 0.7%

Temp: 16.0-25.2°C

Wind: 8.2kt (max 13.2kt), gusts 21.9kt

Rapidly deteriorating as Atlantic low approaches. BKN below 3000ft (about 54%), BKN below 5000ft (about 60%). Visibility good. Strong NW winds averaging 17kt, locally up to 31kt. DANGEROUS gusts to 45kt — 82% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. All light aircraft should be on the ground. Pressure gradient 20hPa. GAFOR Delta to Oscar, but wind hazard is primary concern.

Ceil <500ft: 0.6%

Ceil <1000ft: 0.8%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.2%

Vis <5km: 0.6%

Temp: 17.0-25.6°C

Wind: 3.3kt (max 7.3kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 1588 J/kg

FIS Berlin ▶

Mostly clear skies — ceilings above 5000ft across nearly all of the zone. Visibility excellent. Winds NE averaging 7–9kt, gusts locally to 27kt in isolated areas. Temperatures 25–31°C. CAPE 1265–1963 J/kg signals significant convective potential; isolated afternoon thunderstorm development possible, especially later in the period. Thermals active to 6600–9800ft. GAFOR predominantly Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.7%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.7-30.1°C

Wind: 8.4kt (max 13.8kt), gusts 23.3kt

CAPE: max 1628 J/kg

Skies remain largely clear with ceilings above 5000ft across the zone. Visibility good. Winds NE 6–9kt, gusts to 33kt possible in isolated convective cells. CAPE still elevated at 910–1963 J/kg — isolated shower or thunderstorm risk persists into the evening. Temperatures easing from 27°C to 22°C. Thermals collapsing after sunset.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.5%

Temp: 13.3-30.1°C

Wind: 8.6kt (max 18.6kt), gusts 31.4kt

CAPE: max 1475 J/kg

Residual shower activity from overnight convection; showers affecting roughly 10–12% of the zone. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft but locally below 1000ft in up to 17% of the zone under shower cells. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 16% of the zone. Winds light NE 4–8kt. Temperatures 15–27°C. CAPE building again to 1282 J/kg by late morning. GAFOR Oscar to Charlie, locally Delta under showers.

prev: Delta → Charlie

Ceil <1000ft: 3.5%

Ceil <3000ft: 9.4%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.3-21.0°C

Wind: 6.3kt (max 10.7kt), gusts 18.1kt

CAPE: max 678 J/kg

Skies clearing — ceilings above 3000ft across nearly all of the zone. Visibility excellent. Winds NE 8–9kt, gusts to 31kt in isolated convective areas. CAPE 1282–1532 J/kg; shower activity continues (affecting ~12% of the zone), with isolated thunderstorm risk. Temperatures 23–30°C. Thermals active to 3800ft. GAFOR predominantly Charlie, locally Delta near showers.

prev: Oscar → Charlie

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.5%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.8-28.3°C

Wind: 7.8kt (max 11.9kt), gusts 20.6kt

CAPE: max 1532 J/kg

Conditions largely clear; ceilings above 5000ft across nearly all of the zone. Visibility excellent. Winds NE 6–9kt, gusts to 26kt locally. Shower risk easing but CAPE still up to 1332 J/kg — isolated convection possible. Temperatures 22–30°C. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.0-28.8°C

Wind: 9.2kt (max 15.3kt), gusts 26.0kt

CAPE: max 876 J/kg

Excellent conditions. Skies essentially clear — ceilings above 10000ft across virtually the entire zone. Visibility good. Very light NE winds 2–3kt, gusts to 14kt. No convective risk. Temperatures 13–20°C. Possible patchy mist/fog in lowest 0.4% of the zone. GAFOR Charlie.

prev: Mike → Charlie

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.7-19.8°C

Wind: 3.0kt (max 7.9kt), gusts 13.8kt

Mostly clear with high ceilings. About 14% of the zone has ceilings below 10000ft but virtually none below 5000ft. Visibility excellent. Winds NE 7kt, gusts to 22kt. Rain reported across ~71% of the zone (likely stratiform, light at 1.2–1.3mm/h average). Temperatures 23–28°C. No significant convective risk. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.9-26.2°C

Wind: 6.9kt (max 11.6kt), gusts 20.3kt

Continued rain across most of the zone (71–81% precipitation coverage, light at 1.3–1.5mm/h). Ceilings remain high — virtually none below 5000ft. Visibility good. Winds NE 5–7kt. Significant weather affecting up to 14% of the zone. Temperatures 20–28°C. Conditions holding steady. GAFOR trending Oscar/Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.3-27.6°C

Wind: 6.6kt (max 13.0kt), gusts 21.9kt

Deteriorating conditions. Rain widespread (91–97% of the zone), moderate intensity 3–7mm/h. Ceilings lowering — up to 38% of the zone below 3000ft, up to 15% below 1000ft. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 24% of the zone, below 8km in up to 26%. Significant weather in 41–54% of the zone. Winds light northerly 4–5kt. Temperatures 16–24°C. Trending toward GAFOR Delta/Oscar.

prev: Charlie → Oscar

Ceil <500ft: 3.4%

Ceil <1000ft: 15.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 27.2%

Vis <5km: 23.1%

Temp: 15.5-19.4°C

Wind: 4.4kt (max 14.0kt), gusts 18.6kt

Heavy rain persisting across virtually the entire zone (97–100%), averaging 7–8mm/h. Ceilings significantly lowered — about 40% of the zone below 3000ft, 35–40% below 5000ft. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 5% of the zone. Significant weather in 36–50% of the zone. Winds light northerly 5kt. Temperatures 19–27°C. GAFOR Oscar to Delta.

Ceil <1000ft: 6.7%

Ceil <3000ft: 39.0%

Vis <5km: 1.9%

Temp: 16.6-26.2°C

Wind: 5.4kt (max 17.2kt), gusts 23.1kt

Rain easing slightly but still 100% precipitation coverage, showers now dominant. Ceilings lifting — about 22–29% below 3000ft, 7% below 1000ft. Visibility mostly good (below 5km in only 2%). Winds backing southerly 4–5kt. Temperatures 20–28°C. Slight improvement trend. GAFOR Oscar.

Ceil <1000ft: 7.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 29.4%

Vis <5km: 1.6%

Temp: 16.3-27.8°C

Wind: 5.3kt (max 15.3kt), gusts 21.8kt

Highly variable conditions. Rain/fog combination — 100% precipitation, fog dominant in parts. Ceilings very uncertain: up to 26% of the zone below 500ft, up to 48% below 3000ft. Visibility severely reduced below 5km in up to 45% of the zone, below 8km in up to 48%. Significant weather in 17–40% of the zone. Winds very light northerly 3–4kt. Temperatures 13–26°C. Exercise extreme caution — GAFOR ranging Mike to Delta.

Ceil <500ft: 25.8%

Ceil <1000ft: 38.5%

Ceil <3000ft: 48.1%

Vis <5km: 45.0%

Temp: 13.2-21.1°C

Wind: 3.3kt (max 9.7kt), gusts 18.3kt

Conditions improving markedly. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft (only 2–10% below). Visibility largely good. Winds light NW 4kt. Rain still 100% coverage but CAPE building to 1065–1383 J/kg — afternoon convection likely. Significant weather in 10–17% of the zone. Temperatures 20–29°C. GAFOR Oscar to Charlie, with isolated convective hazards.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.4%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.1-29.0°C

Wind: 3.5kt (max 10.6kt), gusts 19.9kt

CAPE: max 1383 J/kg

Largely clear ceilings — under 5% below 3000ft. Visibility good. Winds NW 5kt, gusts to 21kt. CAPE 1232–1389 J/kg with showers active; significant weather in 9–15% of the zone. Temperatures 21–28°C. Pressure falling to 1009–1011hPa, frontal approach signalled. GAFOR Charlie, locally Oscar near showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.8%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.3-28.1°C

Wind: 4.5kt (max 11.1kt), gusts 21.3kt

CAPE: max 1389 J/kg

Frontal passage underway — pressure gradient sharply increased (20hPa domain-wide). Ceilings collapsing: about 85% of the zone below 3000ft, 86% below 5000ft. Winds W averaging 11kt, gusting to 35kt — hazardous for light aircraft. Temperatures 15–18°C. Heavy rain (10.8mm/h average). Conditions significantly deteriorated. Exercise caution — widespread restricted ceilings and strong gusts.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 22.2%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.2-26.9°C

Wind: 5.8kt (max 11.2kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 1139 J/kg

FIS Hannover / Frankfurt / Dresden ▶

Excellent conditions. Skies virtually clear, ceilings above 5000ft across the entire zone. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 27–35°C, thermals active to 3300–9800ft AGL. Light NE winds averaging 5–7kt, gusts to 25kt in isolated spots. CAPE building to 1200 J/kg in places — afternoon convection possible but no precipitation yet. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 21.4-34.3°C

Wind: 6.5kt (max 13.4kt), gusts 21.4kt

CAPE: max 1196 J/kg

Conditions remain largely clear with ceilings well above 5000ft. Temperatures still 25–35°C. CAPE 1000–1150 J/kg — isolated convective development possible, with max gusts reaching 28kt in thunderstorm cells. Precipitation chance very low (<1% of zone). Thermals collapsing after 19:00. GAFOR Charlie, watch for isolated convection.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 21.4-34.5°C

Wind: 6.5kt (max 12.1kt), gusts 24.3kt

CAPE: max 1138 J/kg

Showers affecting 23–32% of the zone overnight into morning, with isolated heavy cells (max 10mm/h). Ceilings mostly above 3000ft (97%+ of zone). Visibility slightly reduced in 1% of the zone. CAPE surging to 1600 J/kg in parts — convective risk increasing. Winds light 4–6kt NE but gusts to 44kt possible in storm cells. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie, locally Delta near showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.4%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 15.9-25.6°C

Wind: 4.4kt (max 13.3kt), gusts 37.6kt

CAPE: max 616 J/kg

Active convection — showers and thunderstorms affecting 32–54% of the zone. CAPE 1600–1900 J/kg, significant storm risk. Max gusts to 60kt in cells — dangerous for all GA aircraft. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 4% of the zone near storms. Ceilings mostly above 5000ft away from cells. Temperatures 25–35°C. Avoid flight near convective cells. GAFOR Charlie/Oscar, locally X near storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 15.1-33.5°C

Wind: 6.6kt (max 12.7kt), gusts 26.1kt

CAPE: max 1894 J/kg

Thunderstorms intensifying — 54–80% of the zone affected by showers/storms. Dominant weather code thunderstorm. Max gusts to 71kt — extremely dangerous. CAPE still 1200–1750 J/kg. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 4% of the zone. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft away from cells but locally lower. Conditions declining rapidly. Avoid flight. GAFOR Oscar, locally X in storm areas.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.3%

Vis <5km: 3.2%

Temp: 15.4-29.9°C

Wind: 7.3kt (max 26.0kt), gusts 64.4kt

CAPE: max 1677 J/kg

Post-convective clearing with fog and low stratus developing. About 10% of the zone has ceilings below 3000ft, 88% above 3000ft. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 14% of the zone — fog patches likely in valleys. Temperatures 15–23°C. Winds very light 3–4kt. Residual heavy precipitation (5mm/h avg). GAFOR Oscar/Delta, locally Mike in fog patches.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 7.2%

Vis <5km: 2.2%

Temp: 13.4-22.6°C

Wind: 3.8kt (max 11.1kt), gusts 34.5kt

CAPE: max 813 J/kg

Good recovery. Ceilings above 3000ft in 97% of the zone, above 5000ft in 91%. Visibility good (essentially unrestricted). Temperatures 23–30°C. Light NE winds 6kt. Scattered showers possible (100% precip probability but light, 6mm/h avg). Thermals to 3000–4600ft AGL. GAFOR Charlie/Oscar.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.4%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.1-28.4°C

Wind: 5.7kt (max 8.8kt), gusts 24.4kt

CAPE: max 623 J/kg

Continued good conditions. Ceilings above 3000ft in 98% of the zone. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 21–30°C. Light winds 3–6kt. Showers ongoing but light. Thermals easing after 19:00. GAFOR Charlie/Oscar.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.9%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.0-30.1°C

Wind: 5.3kt (max 8.8kt), gusts 24.8kt

CAPE: max 715 J/kg

Fog risk. Up to 18–20% of the zone may have visibility below 5–8km, and up to 13% of the zone with ceilings below 3000ft. Temperatures 13–24°C. Very light winds 1–3kt. Fog and low cloud expected to lift by mid-morning. Trending toward improvement through the period.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 3.2%

Vis <5km: 3.8%

Temp: 12.7-22.5°C

Wind: 1.4kt (max 5.9kt), gusts 14.1kt

Good conditions expected. Ceilings above 3000ft across virtually the entire zone. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 24–32°C. Very light winds 3kt, backing NW. Thermals to 2700–5700ft AGL. Precipitation ongoing in the background but no significant wx expected.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.5-30.8°C

Wind: 3.0kt (max 8.1kt), gusts 18.2kt

Clear and warm. Ceilings above 5000ft across the entire zone. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 25–32°C. Light variable winds 3–4kt. Minimal convective activity. Conditions stable and pleasant.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 21.2-32.4°C

Wind: 3.6kt (max 10.1kt), gusts 20.4kt

CAPE: max 563 J/kg

Showers affecting the zone, with about 10% significant weather coverage. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft (98% of zone). Visibility good. Temperatures 19–27°C. Light SW winds 2–4kt, gusts to 29kt possible. Pressure falling toward 1012hPa — frontal approach. CAPE building to 870 J/kg.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.4%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 15.8-22.4°C

Wind: 2.3kt (max 8.2kt), gusts 27.6kt

CAPE: max 559 J/kg

Showers continuing with CAPE building to 1400 J/kg — convective risk increasing. About 10–13% significant weather coverage. Ceilings above 3000ft in 98% of the zone. Visibility good. Temperatures 23–30°C. Light W winds 4–5kt. Pressure falling. Conditions trending toward deterioration by evening.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.1%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.7-30.0°C

Wind: 4.7kt (max 9.6kt), gusts 23.0kt

CAPE: max 1436 J/kg

Convective activity increasing with CAPE 1800 J/kg and 35–37% of the zone showing shower activity. Gusts to 28kt, with 10–17% of the zone experiencing gusts above 20kt. Ceilings above 5000ft in majority of zone. Pressure around 1010hPa — frontal system approaching. Conditions declining into the evening.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.7-31.8°C

Wind: 6.2kt (max 11.7kt), gusts 28.1kt

CAPE: max 1938 J/kg

Frontal passage. About 60% of the zone has ceilings below 3000ft, with 48% below 5000ft. Visibility slightly reduced in places. Rain (dominant wx). Temperatures 17–21°C. W winds averaging 6kt, gusts to 32kt with 12% of the zone experiencing gusts above 20kt. Pressure 1004–1015hPa — significant gradient. Conditions substantially deteriorated from Friday.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.9%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.2-31.4°C

Wind: 4.5kt (max 9.5kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 1176 J/kg

FIS Düsseldorf / Saarbrücken ▶

Excellent conditions. Skies clear, visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 27–35°C with thermals reaching 3000–5000ft AGL, locally to 9800ft. Light easterly winds averaging 5–6kt, gusts to 29kt in isolated spots. CAPE 1063–1379 J/kg signals convective potential building — watch for afternoon storms developing. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 25.4-34.4°C

Wind: 6.0kt (max 12.4kt), gusts 28.8kt

CAPE: max 1331 J/kg

Conditions remain largely clear with no precipitation reported yet, though convective risk is elevated — CAPE up to 1774 J/kg with 15–17% of the zone showing significant instability. Temperatures still 27–35°C. Light winds 4–6kt easterly, gusts to 27kt possible. Isolated storm development cannot be excluded. GAFOR Charlie, but monitor for convection.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 24.8-34.5°C

Wind: 5.6kt (max 11.4kt), gusts 22.4kt

CAPE: max 1359 J/kg

Showers affecting the zone following overnight convection. Ceilings remain mostly above 10000ft (SKC over most of the zone). Visibility good. Temperatures 19–30°C. Winds light at 4–6kt easterly, but gusts to 37kt possible in shower cells — significant hazard for light aircraft. CAPE up to 1368 J/kg in parts. GAFOR Charlie but shower avoidance essential.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.0-25.0°C

Wind: 4.6kt (max 11.0kt), gusts 37.4kt

Active convection. Showers and thunderstorms affecting the zone — up to 16% of the zone reporting significant weather, with CAPE 1368–1931 J/kg and 54–91% of the zone showing convective instability. Gusts to 52kt locally — dangerous for all GA aircraft. Visibility reduced in up to 3% of the zone. Temperatures 27–35°C. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie between cells, but widespread storm hazard.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 21.2-33.4°C

Wind: 6.8kt (max 13.6kt), gusts 25.1kt

CAPE: max 1931 J/kg

Thunderstorms and heavy showers continuing. Precipitation in 16–45% of the zone, with rainfall rates to 64mm/h. Gusts to 65kt in storm cells — extreme hazard. CAPE 1345–1684 J/kg, 20–54% of the zone convectively active. Significant weather in 10–25% of the zone. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft between cells. Avoid flight unless clear of all convection.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.2%

Vis <5km: 2.3%

Temp: 15.3-33.8°C

Wind: 7.5kt (max 23.2kt), gusts 52.6kt

CAPE: max 1615 J/kg

Post-convective clearing. Ceilings near-SKC across virtually the entire zone. Visibility good, with only minor reductions in 1% of the zone. Fog possible in isolated spots (dominant WW code fog). Temperatures 16–22°C. Very light winds 3–4kt easterly, gusts to 23kt. Conditions improving markedly from overnight storms. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.0-22.3°C

Wind: 3.9kt (max 9.6kt), gusts 22.9kt

CAPE: max 928 J/kg

Fine conditions. Skies clear to FEW above 10000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 25–31°C with thermals to 3300–5800ft AGL. Light easterly winds 6kt, gusts to 22kt. Some convective instability building (CAPE to 793 J/kg) but no precipitation expected. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 21.4-28.3°C

Wind: 6.2kt (max 9.3kt), gusts 21.6kt

CAPE: max 717 J/kg

[ICON-EU ~7km] Conditions expected to remain good. Mostly clear skies, excellent visibility. Temperatures 24–31°C. Light winds 4–6kt, gusts to 23kt possible. Low convective instability. Trending toward a quiet evening.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 22.5-30.2°C

Wind: 6.0kt (max 10.3kt), gusts 22.3kt

CAPE: max 508 J/kg

[ICON-EU ~7km] Calm, clear morning. Skies near-SKC. Visibility good with only minor reductions possible in under 1% of the zone. Very light winds 2–3kt, no significant gusts. Temperatures 16–28°C. Conditions expected to remain settled.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.0-21.9°C

Wind: 1.8kt (max 6.4kt), gusts 13.2kt

[ICON-EU ~7km] Warm and largely clear afternoon. Temperatures 25–32°C. Winds light at 3kt, locally from the southeast. Thermals developing to 2200–6000ft AGL. No significant precipitation expected. Settled conditions continuing.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 21.0-31.0°C

Wind: 2.9kt (max 8.3kt), gusts 17.2kt

CAPE: max 516 J/kg

[ICON-EU ~7km] Warm evening, mostly clear. Temperatures 26–33°C. Light southerly winds 4kt, gusts to 24kt possible. No convective instability of note. Conditions remain settled and flyable.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.7-32.6°C

Wind: 4.3kt (max 10.2kt), gusts 21.2kt

[ICON-EU ~7km] Conditions declining. A front approaching from the northwest brings lowering ceilings — roughly 11% of the zone below 3000ft, 28% below 5000ft. Showers in parts of the zone. Winds light northwesterly at 3–5kt. Temperatures 19–27°C. Gradual deterioration expected through the morning.

Ceil <1000ft: 2.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 11.3%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 16.2-22.3°C

Wind: 2.8kt (max 7.4kt), gusts 18.3kt

CAPE: max 634 J/kg

[ICON-EU ~7km] Continued cloudy with showers. Ceilings lowering further — up to 7% below 3000ft, 28% below 5000ft. CAPE building to 1479 J/kg suggests convective showers possible. Winds 5–6kt northwesterly, gusts to 26kt. Conditions trending toward restricted flying in shower areas.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.3%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.1-30.4°C

Wind: 5.9kt (max 10.0kt), gusts 25.5kt

CAPE: max 1479 J/kg

[ICON-EU ~7km] Showers and rain continuing. Ceilings mostly above 5000ft but up to 24% below 10000ft. CAPE 1730–1856 J/kg — convective showers likely. Winds 6–7kt northwesterly, gusts to 29kt with 12–31% of the zone experiencing gusts above 20kt. Pressure falling toward 1010hPa.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.0-31.4°C

Wind: 7.3kt (max 11.3kt), gusts 29.0kt

CAPE: max 1730 J/kg

[ICON-EU ~7km] Significant deterioration. A frontal system brings widespread low ceilings — 56% of the zone below 3000ft, 69% below 5000ft. Visibility reduced in about 5% of the zone. Fog possible (dominant WW fog). Winds 5kt westerly, gusts to 28kt. Temperatures 13–21°C. Conditions trending toward restricted operations across much of the zone.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.4-31.2°C

Wind: 4.8kt (max 10.6kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 728 J/kg

FIS Stuttgart / Nürnberg / München ▶

Excellent conditions. Skies clear across the entire zone, visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 28–34°C with thermals topping 3700–4500ft AGL, locally to 9800ft. Light easterly winds averaging 6kt, gusts to 29kt in isolated areas. CAPE up to 1676 J/kg signals isolated afternoon convective development possible. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.1-35.6°C

Wind: 5.9kt (max 12.7kt), gusts 24.5kt

CAPE: max 1676 J/kg

Mostly clear, visibility excellent. Temperatures easing to 26–33°C. Thermals subsiding. Light winds 3–6kt easterly, gusts to 26kt possible. CAPE 562–1345 J/kg — isolated convective cells cannot be ruled out, especially near the Alps. Precipitation chance very low. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.2-35.1°C

Wind: 4.8kt (max 10.6kt), gusts 23.3kt

CAPE: max 824 J/kg

Significant deterioration overnight. Rain affecting 42–57% of the zone with heavy cells possible (max 25mm/h). Visibility reduced in 1–5% of the zone below 5km. Ceilings remain above 3000ft across the zone. Southerly winds 3–5kt average, gusts to 35kt. CAPE up to 1350 J/kg with convective showers. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie, locally Delta near heavy cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.8%

Temp: 11.5-25.4°C

Wind: 3.3kt (max 11.7kt), gusts 32.2kt

Active convection developing strongly. Showers affecting the majority of the zone (57–59% precipitation coverage). CAPE surging to 71% of the zone above 500 J/kg, max 2092 J/kg — significant thunderstorm risk. Ceilings mostly above 5000ft but locally lowering. Gusts to 46kt possible in thunderstorm cells — dangerous for light aircraft. Winds backing southwesterly. GAFOR Oscar, locally X-Ray in storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.2-32.8°C

Wind: 4.6kt (max 11.7kt), gusts 31.5kt

CAPE: max 1689 J/kg

Severe convective threat. Thunderstorms active (wx codes confirm), with 8–35% of the zone experiencing gusts above 20kt and max gusts to 62kt — extremely dangerous. Precipitation heavy (up to 67mm/h). CAPE 1463–2092 J/kg over 12–52% of the zone. Ceilings lowering in 12–23% of the zone below 10000ft, locally below 5000ft. Visibility reduced in up to 6% below 5km. Avoid flight in affected areas.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 2.0%

Temp: 13.9-33.8°C

Wind: 6.2kt (max 30.1kt), gusts 54.7kt

CAPE: max 1803 J/kg

Post-convective fog and low stratus developing. About 24–30% of the zone has ceilings below 3000ft, with visibility below 5km in up to 34% of the zone — fog dominant. Heavy residual precipitation (avg 10mm/h). Winds light northeasterly 2–3kt. Ceilings above 500ft across the zone. Conditions improving later in the morning. GAFOR Delta/Oscar in clearer areas, Mike in fog patches.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 23.8%

Vis <5km: 3.8%

Temp: 10.8-23.2°C

Wind: 2.8kt (max 10.4kt), gusts 31.6kt

CAPE: max 692 J/kg

Convective recovery underway. Ceilings mostly above 5000ft (only 4–13% below 5000ft), visibility excellent. Showers returning — 100% precipitation coverage with avg 7–8mm/h and CAPE 60–74% above 500 J/kg (max ~1900 J/kg). Gusts to 40kt in shower cells. Temperatures 23–30°C. Active afternoon convection — plan around shower cells. GAFOR Charlie between showers, locally Oscar/Delta.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.4-28.9°C

Wind: 3.7kt (max 8.7kt), gusts 40.4kt

CAPE: max 1855 J/kg

Showers and thunderstorms continuing into the evening. 100% precipitation coverage, avg 8–9mm/h. CAPE 62–69% above 500 J/kg. Ceilings mostly above 5000ft (only 2–4% below). Visibility good. Gusts to 40kt in cells. Temperatures 21–24°C. Convective activity gradually trending to ease overnight. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie between cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 14.7-30.4°C

Wind: 3.8kt (max 8.1kt), gusts 37.6kt

CAPE: max 1686 J/kg

Complex morning with fog and residual convection. Up to 44–52% of the zone may have visibility below 5–8km (fog/mist). Ceilings variable — up to 22% below 3000ft, 6–32% below 5000ft. Heavy precipitation continuing (avg 11mm/h). CAPE 7–58% above 500 J/kg. Light southerly winds. Conditions expected to gradually improve through the morning. Trending toward Oscar conditions.

prev: Charlie → Delta

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 14.1%

Vis <5km: 10.9%

Temp: 12.3-22.4°C

Wind: 1.6kt (max 6.3kt), gusts 28.7kt

CAPE: max 899 J/kg

Improving ceilings — mostly above 5000ft (only 5–7% below). Visibility good. Showers persisting with 100% precipitation coverage and avg 11mm/h — heavy. CAPE 58–60% above 500 J/kg, max 2153 J/kg — afternoon thunderstorm risk significant. Temperatures 23–32°C. Gusts to 35kt in cells. Light southwesterly winds. Trending toward better conditions between shower cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.4-31.3°C

Wind: 2.5kt (max 7.6kt), gusts 32.3kt

CAPE: max 2001 J/kg

Skies mostly clear — ceilings above 5000ft across nearly the entire zone. Visibility excellent. Showers still widespread (100% coverage, avg 11mm/h) but CAPE 49–52% above 500 J/kg suggests convective activity gradually easing. Temperatures 26–31°C. Gusts to 41kt possible in remaining cells. Light southwesterly winds. Trending toward improvement overnight.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.5-32.7°C

Wind: 3.1kt (max 8.1kt), gusts 40.5kt

CAPE: max 2097 J/kg

Significant deterioration. Heavy showers widespread (100% coverage, avg 18–20mm/h). Ceilings lowering — 12–25% below 3000ft, 39–43% below 5000ft. Visibility reduced in 3–10% below 5km. Gusts to 48kt — dangerous. CAPE 5–28% above 500 J/kg. Temperatures 19–25°C. Pressure falling to 1014hPa. Conditions declining markedly. Trending toward Delta/Oscar with embedded hazards.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 25.2%

Vis <5km: 9.5%

Temp: 13.2-22.1°C

Wind: 3.6kt (max 10.0kt), gusts 36.7kt

CAPE: max 668 J/kg

Heavy convective rainfall continuing (100% coverage, avg 20–22mm/h). Ceilings 12–13% below 3000ft, 34–43% below 5000ft. Visibility mostly good but reduced in isolated areas. CAPE surging — up to 89% of the zone above 500 J/kg. Gusts to 48kt in 27–46% of the zone — widespread hazard for light aircraft. Pressure 1013hPa and falling. Trending toward further deterioration.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 12.9%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.5-26.1°C

Wind: 5.8kt (max 13.1kt), gusts 46.4kt

CAPE: max 1392 J/kg

Very active convection. Showers and thunderstorms (100% coverage, avg 24–26mm/h, max 91mm/h). CAPE 87–94% of zone above 500 J/kg — extreme convective risk. Gusts to 50kt in 7–43% of the zone. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft (only 1–6% below) but rapidly changing in cells. Pressure ~1013hPa. Winds backing westerly. Avoid flight — widespread severe convection.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 5.6%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 13.9-26.9°C

Wind: 5.9kt (max 13.7kt), gusts 49.9kt

CAPE: max 1457 J/kg

Showers easing but still active (100% coverage, avg 29mm/h — very heavy). Ceilings: 17% below 3000ft, 38% below 5000ft. Visibility reduced in 11–13% below 5–8km. Pressure rising to 1015hPa with westerly flow establishing. Winds light at 4kt average. CAPE negligible. Conditions trending toward gradual improvement as convection diminishes.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 14.6-31.3°C

Wind: 6.5kt (max 12.6kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 997 J/kg

Alps ▶

Mostly clear with SKC/FEW high cloud — 94% of the zone above 10,000ft ceiling. Visibility good. Westerly winds averaging 5kt, but locally up to 27kt with dangerous gusts to 50kt in exposed terrain. Strong convective potential (CAPE up to 3,650 J/kg in 30–49% of zone) — afternoon thunderstorm development likely over high terrain. Thermals active to 9,800ft. GAFOR Charlie, but thunderstorm risk rising through the period.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.6%

Temp: 3.5-37.1°C

Wind: 5.5kt (max 20.8kt), gusts 41.1kt

CAPE: max 3378 J/kg

Convective activity increasing — CAPE 3,230–3,770 J/kg with 29–49% of zone exceeding 500 J/kg threshold. Showers and thunderstorms developing; precipitation in up to 20% of the zone with intense local cells (max 56mm/h). Gusts to 67kt near storm cells — dangerous for all aircraft. Ceilings remain mostly above 10,000ft away from cells. Visibility locally reduced below 8km in 3% of zone. Avoid high terrain.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.5%

Temp: 3.6-36.5°C

Wind: 5.2kt (max 28.9kt), gusts 53.3kt

CAPE: max 3608 J/kg

Post-convective morning with widespread shower activity — 39–65% of zone reporting precipitation, showers dominant. Ceilings mostly high (90% above 10,000ft) but 11–27% of zone below 10,000ft with reduced visibility below 5km in up to 8% of zone. Winds light at 2–4kt average, gusts to 42kt near residual cells. CAPE 1,710–2,576 J/kg suggests renewed convection possible. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie over most of zone, locally Delta near active showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 4.8%

Temp: 2.0-27.4°C

Wind: 2.3kt (max 14.4kt), gusts 36.3kt

CAPE: max 1710 J/kg

Active convective afternoon — showers in 65–84% of zone, CAPE 2,521–3,228 J/kg with 24–30% of zone exceeding threshold. Gusts to 72kt near storm cells — extremely dangerous. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 8% of zone. Ceilings mostly above 5,000ft (97% of zone) but locally lower near cells. Significant weather in 17–40% of zone. Thermals to 9,800ft. Avoid Alpine flying during peak convective hours.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.3%

Vis <5km: 5.3%

Temp: 2.8-35.9°C

Wind: 4.8kt (max 22.4kt), gusts 54.0kt

CAPE: max 2858 J/kg

Showers continuing in 84–86% of zone with heavy rainfall (avg 5.5–6.7mm/h, max 80mm/h). CAPE 2,885–3,858 J/kg — high convective energy persisting. Gusts to 69kt near cells. Ceilings mostly above 5,000ft (98% of zone) but significant weather in 14–20% of zone. Visibility below 5km in 2–3% of zone. Conditions remain hazardous near active convection. Trend: convective activity sustained through evening.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.2%

Vis <5km: 2.6%

Temp: 2.7-37.1°C

Wind: 4.9kt (max 24.4kt), gusts 44.1kt

CAPE: max 3154 J/kg

Heavy overnight precipitation continuing — 88% of zone still reporting rain/showers (avg 9.6–9.7mm/h, max 89mm/h). Ceilings mostly above 3,000ft (99% of zone). Visibility good (below 5km in only 1%). Winds light at 3kt average, but gusts to 55kt near residual cells. CAPE low (1,515–1,589 J/kg, only 3–4% of zone). Significant weather in 10–13% of zone. Conditions improving from overnight peak. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie predominant.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.3%

Vis <5km: 0.8%

Temp: 0.5-28.8°C

Wind: 2.7kt (max 23.2kt), gusts 51.0kt

CAPE: max 1589 J/kg

Renewed intense convection — CAPE 2,281–2,829 J/kg with 62–74% of zone exceeding 500 J/kg. Showers in virtually all of zone (94–99%). Significant weather in 21–43% of zone. Gusts to 54kt, with 43–49% of zone experiencing gusts above 20kt. Visibility excellent (no points below 5km). Ceilings mostly above 5,000ft (98% of zone). Thermals to 8,400–9,800ft. Highly active convective afternoon — widespread shower and thunderstorm risk.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 6.9-33.5°C

Wind: 3.9kt (max 20.9kt), gusts 54.3kt

CAPE: max 2556 J/kg

Convection intensifying further — CAPE 2,612–3,816 J/kg with 54–75% of zone above threshold. Showers near-universal (99–100%), significant weather in 33–47% of zone. Gusts to 54kt, 21–48% of zone with gusts above 20kt. Ceilings mostly above 5,000ft. Visibility good. Trending toward peak convective hazard of the week. Avoid Alpine operations.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 6.9-32.2°C

Wind: 3.1kt (max 18.8kt), gusts 50.0kt

CAPE: max 3816 J/kg

Persistent heavy precipitation (100% of zone, avg 11–12mm/h, max 63–67mm/h). Ceilings lowering — 17–22% of zone below 10,000ft, 7–9% below 5,000ft, locally 4% below 3,000ft. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 10% of zone, below 8km in up to 13%. CAPE variable (1–41% of zone above threshold). Gusts to 46kt. Conditions expected to remain active with showers and rain. Broad GAFOR Oscar, locally Delta.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.0%

Vis <5km: 4.5%

Temp: 5.1-23.8°C

Wind: 2.0kt (max 8.5kt), gusts 43.5kt

CAPE: max 1277 J/kg

Heavy rain continuing (100% of zone, avg 12–13mm/h). CAPE 2,279–2,794 J/kg with 41–56% of zone above threshold — renewed convective development. Ceilings mostly high (97% above 5,000ft). Visibility good (no points below 5km). Gusts to 55kt, 17–32% of zone with gusts above 20kt. Thermals to 7,700–9,800ft. Showers dominant with embedded heavy cells. Trending toward another active convective afternoon.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 7.7-32.2°C

Wind: 4.3kt (max 21.8kt), gusts 55.1kt

CAPE: max 2794 J/kg

Showers and heavy rain persisting (100% of zone, avg 13–14mm/h). CAPE 2,967–3,333 J/kg with 55–58% of zone above threshold — high convective energy. Gusts to 50kt, 15–36% of zone with gusts above 20kt. Ceilings mostly above 5,000ft (99% of zone). Visibility good. Significant weather in 20–23% of zone. Conditions remain hazardous near active cells through evening.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 8.4-31.9°C

Wind: 4.3kt (max 20.7kt), gusts 50.4kt

CAPE: max 3333 J/kg

Heavy precipitation continuing (100% of zone, avg 16–17mm/h, max 75mm/h). Ceilings mostly above 5,000ft (96–98% of zone). Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 7% of zone. CAPE 1,007–1,608 J/kg with 7–56% of zone above threshold — convective risk variable. Gusts to 59kt, 21–44% of zone with gusts above 20kt. Significant weather in 20–31% of zone. Conditions trending toward gradual easing by afternoon.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.4%

Vis <5km: 6.5%

Temp: 5.9-25.3°C

Wind: 2.3kt (max 9.4kt), gusts 54.8kt

CAPE: max 1007 J/kg

Intense convection — CAPE 1,608–2,192 J/kg with 56–76% of zone above threshold. Heavy showers (100% of zone, avg 17–18mm/h). Significant weather in 31–32% of zone. Gusts to 60kt, 44–55% of zone with gusts above 20kt. Ceilings mostly above 5,000ft (98% of zone). Visibility excellent. Thermals to 9,000–9,800ft. Another highly active convective afternoon — widespread shower and thunderstorm risk across the Alps.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 7.3-31.6°C

Wind: 4.3kt (max 19.9kt), gusts 59.7kt

CAPE: max 2192 J/kg

Peak convective hazard — CAPE 2,310–2,332 J/kg with 53–73% of zone above threshold. Heavy showers (100% of zone, avg 19–21mm/h, max 81–91mm/h). Significant weather in 36–57% of zone. Gusts to 60kt, 35–59% of zone with gusts above 20kt. Ceilings mostly above 5,000ft (97% of zone). Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 2% of zone. Extremely hazardous conditions — avoid Alpine operations.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.1%

Vis <5km: 0.4%

Temp: 5.9-32.1°C

Wind: 4.3kt (max 26.5kt), gusts 59.9kt

CAPE: max 2332 J/kg

Conditions easing — showers still affecting 100% of zone (avg 24mm/h, max 118mm/h) but CAPE dropping to 953 J/kg (only 7% of zone above threshold). Ceilings lowering: 28% of zone below 10,000ft, 6% below 5,000ft. Visibility reduced below 5km in 12% of zone, below 8km in 15% — coastal/valley fog possible. Winds light at 3kt, gusts to 40kt. Pressure gradient increasing (20hPa domain-wide) suggesting approaching front. Trending toward improving convection but worsening low cloud.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.7%

Temp: 4.1-32.0°C

Wind: 3.9kt (max 19.0kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 2234 J/kg

Northern France ▶

Hot and mostly clear. Ceilings above 5000ft across virtually the entire zone; visibility excellent. Temperatures 30–39°C. Thermals active to 2500–4300ft AGL. CAPE building to 1900 J/kg in places — isolated afternoon convection possible. Winds light-moderate averaging 9kt from the northeast, but gusts to 41–52kt in convective cells — dangerous for light aircraft near storms. GAFOR predominantly Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 19.0-37.3°C

Wind: 9.3kt (max 26.8kt), gusts 41.3kt

CAPE: max 1339 J/kg

Convective risk increasing. CAPE 1900–2935 J/kg with 8–16% of the zone showing significant instability. Showers and thunderstorms developing; precipitation in 6–13% of the zone with heavy bursts to 32mm/h. Gusts to 49kt possible near cells. Ceilings remain high away from storms. Winds easing to 8–9kt average. Exercise caution around convective cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.6-38.3°C

Wind: 9.0kt (max 23.8kt), gusts 39.9kt

CAPE: max 2935 J/kg

Post-convective morning. Showers widespread — about 60% of the zone reporting precipitation, with thunderstorm activity in roughly 8% of the zone. Ceilings mostly above 1000ft (94% of zone), but locally reduced to below 1000ft in 6% and below 500ft in under 1%. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 5% of the zone. Winds light 4–5kt. Gusts to 38kt near residual cells. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie over most of the zone, locally Delta near active showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 4.8%

Ceil <3000ft: 7.5%

Vis <5km: 0.7%

Temp: 16.8-26.8°C

Wind: 4.4kt (max 19.3kt), gusts 32.9kt

CAPE: max 647 J/kg

Convective activity continuing — 61% of the zone with precipitation, thunderstorms in about 7% of the zone. CAPE 2000–2700 J/kg; significant instability. Ceilings generally high (above 3000ft in 98%+ of zone). Visibility good except near cells. Winds light 5–7kt average; gusts to 54kt possible in storms — dangerous. Thermals to 1600–4100ft AGL. GAFOR Charlie/Oscar, locally X-Ray near thunderstorms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.5%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.2-35.2°C

Wind: 5.8kt (max 18.5kt), gusts 27.0kt

CAPE: max 2203 J/kg

Thunderstorm risk persists — 13% of the zone with significant weather, showers in 48–68% of the zone. CAPE 2000–2500 J/kg. Gusts to 75kt possible in severe cells — extremely dangerous. Ceilings remain high in clear areas. Winds 5–7kt average. Avoid convective areas entirely; conditions locally X-Ray near storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 17.4-36.6°C

Wind: 6.9kt (max 25.0kt), gusts 74.7kt

CAPE: max 2397 J/kg

Post-frontal clearing with patchy fog. Fog/mist dominant weather code; visibility below 5km in about 1% of the zone. Ceilings high across 97%+ of the zone. Precipitation lingering (69–70% of zone still reporting rain from overnight). Winds very light 3–4kt. Temperatures 21–26°C. Thermals modest to 900–1800ft AGL. GAFOR predominantly Charlie, locally Delta in fog patches.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.2%

Vis <5km: 0.4%

Temp: 16.8-26.8°C

Wind: 4.0kt (max 15.3kt), gusts 25.4kt

CAPE: max 725 J/kg

Warm and mostly clear with renewed convective development. CAPE 1700–2100 J/kg; showers in 84–87% of the zone — widespread afternoon convection. Ceilings high (above 5000ft in 99%+ of zone). Visibility excellent. Winds 7kt average, gusts to 29kt. Thermals active to 2100–3900ft AGL. Significant shower activity — plan around convective cells. GAFOR predominantly Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.0-34.3°C

Wind: 6.9kt (max 19.1kt), gusts 27.0kt

CAPE: max 2056 J/kg

Showers continuing across most of the zone (88% precipitation coverage). CAPE 1700–2000 J/kg; significant weather in up to 12% of the zone. Ceilings remain high. Visibility good. Winds 5–7kt, gusts to 31kt. Convective activity gradually easing through the evening. GAFOR predominantly Charlie, locally Oscar near heavier showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.0-33.3°C

Wind: 6.6kt (max 21.5kt), gusts 29.6kt

CAPE: max 1760 J/kg

Patchy fog and residual showers. Fog dominant in parts; visibility below 5km in up to 5% of the zone. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft (99%+ of zone). Precipitation still widespread (88% of zone). Winds light 4–6kt. Temperatures 19–26°C. Conditions expected to gradually improve through the morning as fog disperses.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.7%

Temp: 17.1-24.2°C

Wind: 4.0kt (max 17.0kt), gusts 22.9kt

CAPE: max 934 J/kg

Warm and largely clear. Ceilings above 5000ft across virtually the entire zone. Visibility excellent. CAPE 1500–1700 J/kg — isolated shower risk, but significant weather in only 0–2% of the zone. Winds light 6kt, gusts to 28kt. Temperatures 26–35°C. Thermals to 1700–5200ft AGL. Trending calmer than previous days. GAFOR predominantly Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.7-33.8°C

Wind: 6.1kt (max 17.4kt), gusts 26.3kt

CAPE: max 1660 J/kg

Warm evening with isolated shower risk. CAPE 1900 J/kg; showers in about 4–5% of the zone. Ceilings high across the zone. Visibility excellent. Winds 7kt average, gusts to 35kt in showers. Temperatures 27–34°C. Thermals active to 2400–5400ft AGL. Generally good flying conditions with isolated convective hazard.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.5-34.4°C

Wind: 6.7kt (max 21.1kt), gusts 35.3kt

CAPE: max 1865 J/kg

Conditions declining with increasing cloud and showers. Ceilings lowering — about 14% of the zone below 3000ft, 25% below 5000ft. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 2% of the zone. Showers widespread (90% of zone); precipitation rates to 37mm/h. Significant weather in 17–21% of the zone. Gusts to 44kt. Trending toward more unsettled conditions ahead of approaching system.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.3%

Ceil <3000ft: 6.7%

Vis <5km: 2.2%

Temp: 16.5-22.1°C

Wind: 5.9kt (max 19.3kt), gusts 41.8kt

CAPE: max 823 J/kg

Unsettled with showers and lowering ceilings. About 14% of the zone below 3000ft, 25% below 5000ft. Showers widespread; significant weather in 21–23% of the zone. CAPE 1000–1700 J/kg. Gusts to 47kt in heavier showers. Winds 7–8kt average. Temperatures 22–31°C. Conditions declining — plan carefully and allow for diversions.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 8.6%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.5-31.2°C

Wind: 7.5kt (max 20.0kt), gusts 47.1kt

CAPE: max 1684 J/kg

Improving ceilings but showers continuing. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft (98%+ of zone). Visibility good. Showers still widespread (90% of zone); CAPE 1900 J/kg. Gusts to 43kt. Winds backing southerly 7–8kt. Temperatures 24–32°C. Thermals to 2200–3300ft AGL. Conditions easing slightly from afternoon.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.7%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.3-32.1°C

Wind: 7.7kt (max 20.7kt), gusts 42.9kt

CAPE: max 1874 J/kg

Cloudy with patchy fog and showers. About 15% of the zone below 3000ft, 19% below 5000ft. Fog in roughly 3% of the zone reducing visibility below 5km. Showers in 90% of the zone; precipitation to 46mm/h. Winds light 6kt from the north. Temperatures 14–22°C. Pressure gradient increasing (20hPa domain-wide) — frontal passage likely. Conditions expected to be unsettled.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.5%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.5-33.0°C

Wind: 9.5kt (max 25.8kt), gusts 0.0kt

Southern France ▶

Mostly clear skies — nearly all of the zone above 5000ft. Visibility excellent. Hot, 29–32°C average, peaking near 40°C locally. Strong convective energy (CAPE up to 3986 J/kg, over half the zone exceeding 500 J/kg) signals significant afternoon thunderstorm risk. Winds average 8kt from the south, but gusts locally to 48kt — dangerous for light aircraft. GAFOR predominantly Charlie, but isolated convective cells possible. Thermals active to 4000ft+.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.3%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.1-38.7°C

Wind: 8.1kt (max 19.5kt), gusts 48.1kt

CAPE: max 3812 J/kg

Skies remain largely clear, nearly all of the zone above 10000ft ceiling. Visibility excellent. Temperatures still 28–32°C. CAPE remains very high (over 50% of zone above 500 J/kg, max 3986 J/kg) — thunderstorm risk persists into the evening. Winds easing slightly to 6–8kt average, but gusts still locally to 44kt. Conditions declining toward dusk with convective activity. GAFOR Charlie where storms absent.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.1-38.6°C

Wind: 8.2kt (max 18.2kt), gusts 44.0kt

CAPE: max 3888 J/kg

Conditions mixed after overnight convection. Up to 10% of the zone with ceilings below 3000ft and visibility below 5km, linked to fog or post-storm residual cloud. Dominant weather code is fog/mist in some areas. Temperatures cooled to 20–28°C. CAPE reduced but still 8–37% of zone above 500 J/kg. Light winds 2–3kt average. Mostly GAFOR Oscar/Charlie, with localised Delta or worse in foggy areas. Improving trend expected through the morning.

Ceil <500ft: 1.1%

Ceil <1000ft: 5.4%

Ceil <3000ft: 7.5%

Vis <5km: 4.8%

Temp: 11.3-27.2°C

Wind: 2.2kt (max 10.5kt), gusts 25.4kt

CAPE: max 1710 J/kg

Skies clear rapidly — virtually all of the zone above 5000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures surge to 28–35°C average, locally 40°C. CAPE rebuilds strongly (38–48% of zone above 500 J/kg, max 3766 J/kg) — significant afternoon shower and thunderstorm risk. Winds light at 3–6kt average, but isolated gusts to 58kt possible with convective cells — dangerous. GAFOR predominantly Charlie away from storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.1-36.4°C

Wind: 4.0kt (max 17.6kt), gusts 30.1kt

CAPE: max 3188 J/kg

Clear skies dominate — nearly all of the zone above 10000ft. Visibility excellent. Very hot, 30–35°C. CAPE remains elevated (33–39% of zone above 500 J/kg, max 4310 J/kg) — thunderstorm risk continues. Winds 5–7kt average, but convective gusts locally to 55kt remain a serious hazard. GAFOR Charlie in clear areas; avoid active cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.3-40.8°C

Wind: 6.6kt (max 24.0kt), gusts 44.1kt

CAPE: max 3970 J/kg

Patchy low cloud and fog affecting roughly 1–4% of the zone below 3000ft; visibility reduced below 5km in about 2–4% of the zone. Fog dominant weather code. Temperatures 22–23°C. Moderate convective potential remains (18–19% of zone above 500 J/kg). Winds light at 3kt average, but isolated gusts to 49kt possible. Precipitation increasing (27–29% of zone reporting rain). GAFOR mostly Oscar/Charlie; localised Delta in foggy areas.

Ceil <500ft: 0.7%

Ceil <1000ft: 1.6%

Ceil <3000ft: 3.8%

Vis <5km: 1.8%

Temp: 11.5-29.5°C

Wind: 2.9kt (max 16.2kt), gusts 38.2kt

CAPE: max 2079 J/kg

Mostly clear — under 2% of the zone below 3000ft. Visibility good across nearly all of the zone. Hot again, 28–30°C, peaking near 39°C. Very high CAPE (over 70% of zone above 500 J/kg, max 4546 J/kg) — widespread shower and thunderstorm risk. Over half the zone reporting precipitation. Winds 6–7kt average, gusts to 49kt locally. GAFOR Charlie in clear areas, but significant convective hazard zone-wide.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.2%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 19.6-36.9°C

Wind: 6.2kt (max 20.9kt), gusts 42.1kt

CAPE: max 4223 J/kg

Skies largely clear with under 1% of the zone below 3000ft. Visibility good. Temperatures 27–30°C. CAPE very high (66–74% of zone above 500 J/kg, max 4546 J/kg) — active convection continuing. Precipitation widespread (69–73% of zone). Winds 6–8kt average, gusts to 51kt. Significant weather hazard persists. Trending toward GAFOR Oscar/Charlie away from active cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.6%

Vis <5km: 0.3%

Temp: 14.3-37.3°C

Wind: 8.1kt (max 20.8kt), gusts 49.1kt

CAPE: max 4168 J/kg

Mostly clear with FEW cloud below 3000ft (1–4% of zone). Visibility generally good, with up to 6% of the zone below 5km in some areas. Fog reported in parts. Temperatures 21–27°C. Precipitation still widespread (73–82% of zone). CAPE variable but locally very high (up to 84% of zone above 500 J/kg). Light winds 3–5kt. Conditions expected to trend toward improvement through the morning.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.4%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.7%

Vis <5km: 2.5%

Temp: 13.5-29.9°C

Wind: 3.1kt (max 12.3kt), gusts 30.7kt

CAPE: max 3033 J/kg

Clear skies — under 2% of the zone below 3000ft. Visibility excellent. Hot, 27–30°C, locally 39°C. CAPE extremely high (82–87% of zone above 500 J/kg, max 4511 J/kg) — widespread shower and thunderstorm risk. Precipitation reported across 82–86% of the zone. Winds 5–7kt average, but gusts to 58kt possible with storms. Dangerous convective conditions for light aircraft.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.0-39.2°C

Wind: 6.1kt (max 21.8kt), gusts 46.0kt

CAPE: max 4437 J/kg

Skies mostly clear — under 3% of the zone below 3000ft. Visibility good. Temperatures 26–29°C. CAPE very high (72–73% of zone above 500 J/kg, max 5062 J/kg — exceptional). Significant weather in 17–19% of the zone, showers dominant. Precipitation near-universal (92–94% of zone). Winds 8–9kt average, gusts to 67kt — extremely dangerous, flag prominently. Active convective evening; avoid flight in affected areas.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.5%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 13.5-37.0°C

Wind: 8.8kt (max 28.1kt), gusts 67.2kt

CAPE: max 5062 J/kg

Conditions declining notably. Ceilings below 3000ft in 22–30% of the zone (SCT/BKN), below 5000ft in 42% — widespread mid-level cloud. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 8% of the zone. Temperatures 21–23°C. Showers widespread (97% of zone reporting precipitation, 31% with significant weather). CAPE still 36–42% of zone above 500 J/kg. Winds 6–7kt average, gusts to 59kt. Trending toward GAFOR Delta/Oscar with active shower areas.

Ceil <500ft: 0.1%

Ceil <1000ft: 1.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 30.4%

Vis <5km: 8.2%

Temp: 12.2-28.3°C

Wind: 5.7kt (max 18.3kt), gusts 58.1kt

CAPE: max 3064 J/kg

Ceilings below 3000ft in 10–22% of the zone (FEW to SCT), below 5000ft in 25–43%. Visibility generally good (under 1% below 5km). Temperatures 23–25°C. Showers still very widespread (97% of zone). Significant weather in 21–31% of the zone. CAPE 36–49% of zone above 500 J/kg. Winds 7–8kt average, gusts to 59kt. Predominantly GAFOR Oscar, locally Delta near active showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 9.6%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.4-37.4°C

Wind: 8.4kt (max 19.9kt), gusts 52.0kt

CAPE: max 3723 J/kg

Ceilings largely above 3000ft — under 4% of the zone below 3000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 24–25°C. Showers still near-universal (98% of zone). Significant weather in 11% of the zone. CAPE 45–52% of zone above 500 J/kg. Winds 7–8kt average, gusts to 53kt. Conditions trending slightly better than afternoon but convective activity persists. GAFOR predominantly Oscar/Charlie away from cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 3.8%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 14.6-37.1°C

Wind: 8.4kt (max 26.5kt), gusts 53.3kt

CAPE: max 3186 J/kg

Ceilings below 3000ft in about 14% of the zone (FEW), below 5000ft in 25%. Visibility reduced below 5km in about 6% of the zone, with fog reported. Temperatures 20–21°C. Precipitation still widespread (98% of zone). Significant weather in 11% of the zone. CAPE limited (6% above 500 J/kg). Winds 5kt average, gusts to 36kt. Pressure gradient increasing (20hPa domain-wide). Trending toward GAFOR Oscar with localised Delta in foggy or showery areas.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 3.8%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.4-34.6°C

Wind: 7.3kt (max 18.6kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 3073 J/kg

Benelux ▶

Excellent conditions. Skies mostly clear, ceilings well above 5000ft across the zone. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 24–34°C with thermals reaching 2000–9800ft AGL. Light NE winds averaging 7–8kt, gusting to 32kt in 5–9% of the zone. CAPE up to 1300 J/kg signals isolated afternoon convective risk. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.1%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.6-33.1°C

Wind: 7.9kt (max 20.0kt), gusts 32.4kt

CAPE: max 920 J/kg

Conditions remain very good. Clear skies, no significant cloud below 5000ft. Temperatures 25–33°C. NE winds 7–9kt, gusts to 34kt locally; about 5–22% of the zone seeing gusts above 20kt. CAPE rising to 1430 J/kg — isolated shower or thunderstorm possible late evening. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.8-32.2°C

Wind: 8.6kt (max 19.8kt), gusts 33.4kt

CAPE: max 1301 J/kg

Mostly clear with a few high clouds. Up to 1% of the zone briefly below 500ft, and around 9% below 10000ft. Visibility generally good; reduced below 5km in up to 3% of the zone, below 8km in up to 7%. Showers possible (dominant wx code: showers), with max rainfall up to 8mm/h locally. CAPE variable 0–1700 J/kg — convective activity possible. Light NE winds 5–7kt. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 1.5%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.5%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 18.2-23.4°C

Wind: 5.4kt (max 16.7kt), gusts 26.6kt

Hot and convectively active. Temperatures 26–34°C. Skies clear below 5000ft across the zone. Showers likely, with CAPE 1700–2300 J/kg across over 80% of the zone; max rainfall up to 24mm/h. Gusts reaching 38kt locally, with 4–38% of the zone seeing gusts above 20kt. Thunderstorm risk significant. GAFOR Charlie in clear areas, locally Delta/Mike near storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 20.7-32.6°C

Wind: 8.0kt (max 18.0kt), gusts 28.9kt

CAPE: max 1704 J/kg

Active convection continuing. Temperatures 26–34°C. Ceilings remain high across the zone. Showers and thunderstorms (wx codes: showers, thunderstorms) with max rainfall up to 47mm/h. CAPE 1000–2500 J/kg. Winds averaging 8–9kt but gusts to 51kt in isolated areas — DANGEROUS for light aircraft near storms. About 20–52% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. GAFOR Charlie away from storms, X-Ray near cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 20.0-33.5°C

Wind: 9.0kt (max 19.0kt), gusts 40.7kt

CAPE: max 1818 J/kg

Post-convective clearing. Skies clear, no significant cloud. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 17–22°C. Light NE winds 5kt, gusts just above 20kt. No precipitation or significant weather. Pressure rising to 1021–1024hPa. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.4-22.2°C

Wind: 5.4kt (max 12.8kt), gusts 20.9kt

Fine conditions. Skies mostly clear; FEW cloud below 10000ft in up to 5% of the zone. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 25–31°C. CAPE building to 880–1115 J/kg in 1–30% of the zone — isolated afternoon shower possible. NE winds 8–9kt, gusts to 29kt locally; about 22% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.7-29.2°C

Wind: 8.5kt (max 14.6kt), gusts 21.4kt

CAPE: max 924 J/kg

Mostly clear, FEW cloud below 10000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 24–31°C. Winds 8–10kt NE, gusts to 32kt; 22–34% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. CAPE low (below 900 J/kg). Conditions trending stable into the evening. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.6-30.9°C

Wind: 9.8kt (max 20.2kt), gusts 31.6kt

CAPE: max 620 J/kg

Clear skies, FEW cloud below 10000ft. Visibility good with minor reductions below 8km in up to 1% of the zone. Temperatures 17–27°C. Light NE winds 5–7kt, gusts below 20kt. No significant weather. Pressure steady around 1020–1022hPa. Conditions expected to remain settled.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.8-21.6°C

Wind: 5.2kt (max 14.3kt), gusts 18.6kt

Fine and warm. Skies clear, FEW cloud below 10000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 23–31°C. Light NE winds 7kt, locally up to 18kt with gusts to 25kt; about 6% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. CAPE low (below 510 J/kg). Settled conditions expected to continue.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 18.8-29.8°C

Wind: 7.3kt (max 15.7kt), gusts 23.2kt

Warm and mostly clear. FEW cloud below 10000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 24–31°C. Winds backing toward north, averaging 8kt, gusts to 28kt; about 21–23% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. Very light rain possible (wx: rain) in a small fraction of the zone. Pressure 1017–1020hPa.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.3-31.2°C

Wind: 8.4kt (max 19.6kt), gusts 27.6kt

Conditions declining ahead of an approaching system. Ceilings lowering: about 18% of the zone below 3000ft, 22–24% below 5000ft, 36–37% below 10000ft. Rain likely (wx: rain) with precipitation in about half the zone. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 1% of the zone. Northerly winds 6–8kt. Pressure falling to 1015hPa. GAFOR Oscar/Delta in areas with lower ceilings.

Ceil <1000ft: 4.6%

Ceil <3000ft: 18.3%

Vis <5km: 1.2%

Temp: 16.3-20.9°C

Wind: 6.4kt (max 18.3kt), gusts 24.5kt

Improving through the afternoon. Ceilings lifting: 10–18% of the zone below 3000ft, 15–24% below 5000ft. Visibility good. Isolated showers (wx: showers). Northerly winds 8–9kt, gusts to 24kt; about 2–15% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. Pressure steady around 1014–1015hPa. GAFOR Oscar improving toward Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 9.7%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.2-29.9°C

Wind: 8.9kt (max 15.5kt), gusts 24.0kt

CAPE: max 1305 J/kg

Further improvement. FEW cloud below 3000ft (2–6% of zone), FEW below 5000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 21–30°C. Northerly winds 10kt, gusts to 26kt; about 28–41% of the zone with gusts above 20kt — notable for light aircraft. Pressure steady. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.4%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.6-29.8°C

Wind: 10.1kt (max 18.4kt), gusts 26.4kt

CAPE: max 1855 J/kg

Significant deterioration as a frontal system approaches (pressure gradient widening to 20hPa). SCT–BKN below 3000ft (38% of zone below 3000ft), with 69% below 5000ft and 76% below 10000ft. Temperatures 13–19°C. Westerly winds averaging 8kt, locally up to 23kt with gusts to 34kt; about 22% of the zone with gusts above 20kt. Showers possible. GAFOR Oscar/Delta.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 7.7%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.7-30.4°C

Wind: 6.9kt (max 19.1kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 815 J/kg

Denmark & S. Sweden ▶

Mostly clear with FEW clouds above 3000ft across the zone. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 22–28°C with thermals to 7000ft. Convective risk is significant — CAPE up to 2200 J/kg in about 18% of the zone; isolated showers possible, with gusts locally to 41kt in convective cells. Typical winds 6kt NE, light. GAFOR predominantly Charlie, with localised shower risk.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 4.1%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 17.2-27.0°C

Wind: 6.1kt (max 17.4kt), gusts 27.0kt

CAPE: max 2222 J/kg

Convective activity easing but still active in parts — CAPE 1000–1960 J/kg in up to 17% of the zone. Skies clearing rapidly; ceilings mostly above 5000ft across nearly all the zone. Visibility excellent. Winds light 3–6kt NE, gusts to 41kt possible near lingering cells. Showers affecting up to 11% of the zone. GAFOR Charlie, isolated shower risk.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.4%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 13.0-26.4°C

Wind: 5.3kt (max 14.9kt), gusts 32.0kt

CAPE: max 1746 J/kg

Patchy fog and low cloud in places — up to 6% of the zone below 500ft, up to 13% with visibility below 5km, mainly in coastal/maritime areas. Dominant weather code fog. Showers affecting around 16% of the zone. Winds very light 2–4kt, backing SE. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft across 91% of the zone. GAFOR Oscar to Charlie, locally Delta/Mike in fog patches.

Ceil <500ft: 0.9%

Ceil <1000ft: 1.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.2%

Vis <5km: 1.3%

Temp: 14.8-20.9°C

Wind: 2.4kt (max 8.4kt), gusts 15.6kt

Excellent conditions. Skies nearly clear — ceilings above 5000ft across 96% of the zone. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 23–29°C, thermals to 7600ft. Isolated shower risk remains (16% precip coverage) with CAPE up to 1440 J/kg. Winds light 4–6kt NNE, gusts to 25kt near any convection. GAFOR predominantly Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.3%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.1-27.4°C

Wind: 5.2kt (max 13.2kt), gusts 23.0kt

CAPE: max 1400 J/kg

Fine and clear. Ceilings above 5000ft across virtually the entire zone. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 20–29°C. Residual shower risk (17% precip coverage), CAPE up to 1520 J/kg — isolated convective cells possible. Winds light 4–6kt NNE, gusts to 26kt near cells. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.6-28.0°C

Wind: 6.0kt (max 15.9kt), gusts 25.8kt

CAPE: max 1094 J/kg

Very good conditions. Ceilings above 5000ft across nearly all the zone; only isolated patches below 5000ft (under 1%). Visibility good, with minor reductions below 5km in under 2% of the zone — patchy fog possible. Winds very light 2kt, variable. Calm and stable. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.5-22.6°C

Wind: 2.5kt (max 9.3kt), gusts 14.7kt

Excellent conditions. Skies essentially clear — ceilings above 5000ft across 99%+ of the zone. Visibility good, minor haze in under 1% of the zone. Temperatures 22–31°C, thermals to 9300ft. CAPE low (under 412 J/kg), convective risk minimal. Winds light 4–6kt N, gusts to 22kt. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <500ft: 0.3%

Ceil <1000ft: 0.3%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.4%

Vis <5km: 0.8%

Temp: 13.4-29.2°C

Wind: 4.6kt (max 11.0kt), gusts 18.2kt

Clear skies across the entire zone. Ceilings above 5000ft everywhere. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 20–31°C. No significant weather. Winds light 4–6kt ESE, gusts to 26kt in isolated areas. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.1-30.2°C

Wind: 5.3kt (max 17.7kt), gusts 23.1kt

Trending clear and calm. Ceilings above 5000ft across virtually all the zone. Visibility good with minor fog risk in under 1% of the zone. Winds light 4–5kt ENE. Stable conditions expected. Predominantly Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 12.7-23.1°C

Wind: 4.1kt (max 12.9kt), gusts 17.6kt

Largely clear. Ceilings above 5000ft across 99% of the zone. Visibility good. Temperatures 21–30°C. Isolated rain possible in up to 5% of the zone. Winds light 5–6kt E, gusts to 24kt. Conditions gradually trending toward slight deterioration by evening.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 13.5-28.8°C

Wind: 5.5kt (max 14.3kt), gusts 23.5kt

Conditions beginning to decline. Rain affecting 11–14% of the zone. FEW clouds below 3000ft developing. Visibility slightly reduced in up to 1% of the zone. Temperatures 20–30°C. Winds light 5–6kt E. Pressure easing slightly. Predominantly Oscar/Charlie with isolated rain areas.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.2%

Vis <5km: 0.7%

Temp: 13.9-30.2°C

Wind: 5.6kt (max 14.9kt), gusts 21.4kt

CAPE: max 568 J/kg

Noticeable deterioration. Rain affecting over 50% of the zone. Ceilings lowering — about 17% of the zone below 3000ft, 25% below 5000ft. Visibility reduced below 8km in up to 4% of the zone. Temperatures 18–24°C. Winds light 4kt ESE. Conditions trending toward Oscar with areas of Delta.

Ceil <500ft: 0.1%

Ceil <1000ft: 2.9%

Ceil <3000ft: 16.0%

Vis <5km: 2.4%

Temp: 13.0-20.0°C

Wind: 4.0kt (max 11.1kt), gusts 15.1kt

Continued rain coverage — 59–65% of the zone experiencing precipitation. Ceilings 14–17% below 3000ft, 25–31% below 5000ft. Visibility reduced in up to 2% of the zone. Temperatures 19–25°C. Winds light 4–5kt, backing S. Pressure falling. Predominantly Oscar, areas of Delta under heavier rain.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.3%

Ceil <3000ft: 14.2%

Vis <5km: 1.4%

Temp: 12.5-25.2°C

Wind: 5.0kt (max 14.5kt), gusts 19.0kt

CAPE: max 608 J/kg

Rain easing but pressure falling further. Showers affecting 69–72% of the zone. Ceilings 13–15% below 3000ft. Winds increasing to 6–7kt average, gusts to 31kt in up to 5% of the zone, direction backing SW. Conditions declining toward Oscar/Delta broadly. Monitor for further deterioration overnight.

Ceil <500ft: 0.1%

Ceil <1000ft: 0.9%

Ceil <3000ft: 12.5%

Vis <5km: 1.2%

Temp: 12.5-26.0°C

Wind: 6.2kt (max 17.0kt), gusts 22.8kt

CAPE: max 507 J/kg

Significant deterioration. A frontal system brings widespread cloud — 73% of the zone below 3000ft, 80% below 5000ft. Rain in 81% of the zone. Visibility below 5km in 5% of the zone. Winds averaging 12kt W, gusts to 51kt — dangerous for light aircraft. Pressure 1003–1010 hPa, gradient 20 hPa. Conditions broadly Delta/Oscar with localised worse areas. Gusts exceeding 40kt are a serious hazard.

Ceil <500ft: 0.2%

Ceil <1000ft: 0.7%

Ceil <3000ft: 8.7%

Vis <5km: 0.5%

Temp: 12.2-24.7°C

Wind: 6.1kt (max 15.6kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 1512 J/kg

Czech, Slovakia & Austria (flatlands) ▶

Excellent conditions across the zone. Skies clear with no significant cloud below 10,000ft over nearly the entire area. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 25–32°C, thermals active to 3,700–4,000ft AGL (locally 7,000ft+). Light NE winds averaging 6kt, gusting to 30kt in isolated spots. CAPE approaching 400–675 J/kg — isolated afternoon convection possible but not yet triggering. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.1-31.7°C

Wind: 6.6kt (max 13.4kt), gusts 29.0kt

CAPE: max 646 J/kg

Conditions remain excellent. Skies clear, visibility unrestricted. Temperatures easing to 23–33°C. Light winds 4–7kt NE, gusts to 30kt locally. CAPE up to 720 J/kg — isolated convective development possible near high terrain, but no precipitation expected. Thermal tops lowering toward evening. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.6-31.9°C

Wind: 6.1kt (max 11.7kt), gusts 26.0kt

CAPE: max 652 J/kg

Mostly clear with FEW cloud below 10,000ft. Visibility good, with minor reductions below 5km in up to 2% of the zone. Light showers possible in isolated areas (up to 5% of zone affected by significant weather). CAPE building to 1,470 J/kg in places — convective risk increasing through the morning. Winds light 2–4kt NE. GAFOR Charlie, locally Oscar.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.9-24.5°C

Wind: 2.5kt (max 8.2kt), gusts 28.9kt

Convective activity developing significantly. Showers and thunderstorms affecting up to 20% of the zone — CAPE 1,470–1,750 J/kg. Winds averaging 4–5kt but locally gusting to 52kt under storms — dangerous for light aircraft in affected areas. Ceilings remain high over most of the zone (FEW below 5,000ft). Visibility generally good but locally reduced near convection. GAFOR Charlie/Oscar, locally Mike/X-Ray under storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.4%

Temp: 14.9-32.0°C

Wind: 4.5kt (max 17.1kt), gusts 34.4kt

CAPE: max 1726 J/kg

Active convection continuing. Rain and thunderstorms affecting up to 20% of the zone; CAPE 1,190–1,630 J/kg. Gusts to 56kt possible under cells — extreme caution required. Precipitation rates up to 113mm/h in storm cores. Ceilings remain high over the majority. Conditions improving away from convective cells. GAFOR Charlie/Oscar, locally X-Ray under storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.9%

Temp: 14.2-32.6°C

Wind: 5.6kt (max 22.9kt), gusts 45.3kt

CAPE: max 1627 J/kg

Significant deterioration following overnight convection. Rain widespread — up to 76% of the zone receiving precipitation. Ceilings lowering: SCT below 3,000ft (25–30% of zone), with 52–64% below 10,000ft. Visibility reduced below 5km in 16–25% of the zone, below 8km in 19–29%. Winds light 3–4kt northerly, gusts to 36kt. GAFOR Oscar/Delta, locally Mike.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 29.8%

Vis <5km: 16.2%

Temp: 12.4-24.4°C

Wind: 4.2kt (max 15.9kt), gusts 35.9kt

CAPE: max 567 J/kg

Convective showers redeveloping strongly — 100% of the zone receiving precipitation, CAPE 1,690–1,880 J/kg. Ceilings mostly above 3,000ft (SCT below 5,000ft in 25–42% of zone). Visibility generally good (below 5km in under 2%). Winds averaging 4–5kt westerly, gusts to 36kt. Significant weather affecting 29–41% of the zone. GAFOR Oscar/Charlie, locally Mike under cells. [ICON-EU ~7km]

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 8.4%

Vis <5km: 1.2%

Temp: 14.3-29.5°C

Wind: 4.5kt (max 15.0kt), gusts 33.8kt

CAPE: max 1878 J/kg

Showers continuing across the zone with CAPE 1,815–2,020 J/kg — elevated convective risk. Ceilings mostly above 3,000ft (FEW–SCT below 5,000ft). Visibility good. Winds light 2–5kt, backing NW, gusts to 33kt. Significant weather in 8–29% of the zone. Conditions trending toward improvement overnight. [ICON-EU ~7km]

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 6.0%

Vis <5km: 0.5%

Temp: 13.8-30.4°C

Wind: 4.4kt (max 10.4kt), gusts 29.7kt

CAPE: max 2020 J/kg

Complex picture: fog and low cloud possible in valleys (up to 50% of zone with visibility below 5km in worst case, though likely concentrated in low-lying areas). Ceilings variable — FEW–SCT below 3,000ft in parts. Rain continuing in some areas. Winds very light 2–3kt. Fog risk significant for early morning departures. Conditions expected to improve through the morning. [ICON-EU ~7km]

prev: Charlie → Mike

Ceil <1000ft: 0.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 14.0%

Vis <5km: 9.5%

Temp: 12.2-24.6°C

Wind: 2.4kt (max 7.1kt), gusts 20.2kt

CAPE: max 799 J/kg

Clearing well — skies mostly clear, ceilings above 5,000ft over nearly the entire zone. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures recovering to 23–31°C, CAPE 1,400–1,860 J/kg — afternoon convective showers possible (up to 5% significant weather). Winds light 3kt westerly. Good flying conditions developing. [ICON-EU ~7km]

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.1-30.0°C

Wind: 3.3kt (max 6.7kt), gusts 26.8kt

CAPE: max 1752 J/kg

Excellent conditions. Skies essentially clear, visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 25–31°C. CAPE 1,585–1,705 J/kg — isolated convective activity possible but limited (under 2% significant weather). Winds very light 2–3kt southerly. Thermals active to 3,200–4,600ft AGL. [ICON-EU ~7km]

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.6-31.2°C

Wind: 3.0kt (max 6.3kt), gusts 20.4kt

CAPE: max 1705 J/kg

Conditions declining. Rain affecting the zone with significant weather in 18–28% of area. Ceilings mostly above 3,000ft (FEW below 3,000ft). Visibility generally good but reduced in precipitation areas. Winds 3–5kt southerly, gusts to 35kt locally. CAPE building to 1,330 J/kg — convective development likely through the morning. [ICON-EU ~7km]

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.9%

Vis <5km: 3.2%

Temp: 15.0-26.1°C

Wind: 2.7kt (max 9.2kt), gusts 29.1kt

CAPE: max 654 J/kg

Active convection — showers and thunderstorms in 28–37% of the zone, CAPE 1,330–1,600 J/kg. Ceilings mostly above 3,000ft (FEW–SCT below 5,000ft). Visibility good generally. Winds 5kt southerly, gusts to 37kt. Significant weather risk elevated. Caution advised for afternoon flights. [ICON-EU ~7km]

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.1%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 16.5-32.4°C

Wind: 4.8kt (max 12.7kt), gusts 36.7kt

CAPE: max 1603 J/kg

Convective activity at its most intense — CAPE 1,508–1,557 J/kg with 69–70% of the zone showing elevated convective potential. Showers and storms in 24–37% of the zone. Gusts to 36kt. Pressure falling to 1,009–1,011 hPa, indicating approaching frontal system. Conditions deteriorating toward evening. [ICON-EU ~7km]

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.3%

Vis <5km: 0.5%

Temp: 14.8-31.1°C

Wind: 4.8kt (max 11.8kt), gusts 35.3kt

CAPE: max 1557 J/kg

Frontal passage evident — pressure 1,009–1,015 hPa with a 20 hPa domain gradient. Showers in 12% of the zone, visibility reduced below 5km in about 4%. Ceilings FEW below 3,000ft (12% of zone). Winds averaging 5kt westerly, gusts to 38kt. Conditions unsettled but manageable over most of the zone. [ICON-EU ~7km]

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.1%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.7-28.4°C

Wind: 5.7kt (max 13.2kt), gusts 0.0kt

Poland ▶

Mostly clear to FEW cloud, ceilings well above 3000ft across nearly all of Poland. Visibility excellent. Winds light southwesterly averaging 6kt, gusts to 25kt in isolated spots. Temperatures 22–28°C. Thermals active to 2000–6000ft AGL. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie. Pleasant afternoon flying conditions.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.8%

Ceil <3000ft: 18.3%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.7-27.5°C

Wind: 6.7kt (max 14.2kt), gusts 24.7kt

Conditions remain largely clear with FEW cloud. Ceilings above 3000ft in 87% of the zone. Winds easing to 4–7kt, light gusts. CAPE building to 735 J/kg locally — isolated convective development possible, especially in eastern areas. Thermals extending to 6000–9800ft. Monitor for late-day showers. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.8%

Ceil <3000ft: 13.5%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 16.3-27.6°C

Wind: 6.5kt (max 14.7kt), gusts 25.8kt

CAPE: max 692 J/kg

Showers affecting the zone — dominant weather code indicates showers widespread. About 10–14% of the zone reporting significant weather. Ceilings FEW to SCT below 3000ft in parts; visibility reduced below 5km in up to 14% of the zone. CAPE 600–1360 J/kg signals active convection. Winds light 4–6kt NNE. GAFOR Oscar to Delta in shower-affected areas, Charlie elsewhere.

Ceil <1000ft: 4.3%

Ceil <3000ft: 19.9%

Vis <5km: 1.8%

Temp: 14.7-22.2°C

Wind: 4.9kt (max 11.6kt), gusts 21.2kt

CAPE: max 678 J/kg

Active convective period. Showers and thunderstorms likely — CAPE reaching 1360–1790 J/kg, thunderstorm codes present (7% of domain). Precipitation heavy locally, up to 63mm/h max. Gusts to 52kt possible in convective cells — dangerous for light aircraft. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft between cells. Winds averaging 6–8kt but highly variable near storms. Exercise extreme caution.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.7%

Vis <5km: 0.7%

Temp: 13.8-27.9°C

Wind: 6.7kt (max 24.7kt), gusts 44.9kt

CAPE: max 1679 J/kg

Convective activity gradually easing but still significant — showers and thunderstorms ongoing in parts, CAPE 1200–1680 J/kg. Precipitation rates high (up to 74mm/h). Gusts to 46kt in active cells. Ceilings mostly above 5000ft between storms. Visibility generally good away from cells. Conditions improving trend expected overnight. Avoid active convection.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 12.7-26.5°C

Wind: 6.6kt (max 23.8kt), gusts 44.6kt

CAPE: max 1640 J/kg

Post-convective morning with rain and fog patches. Rain dominant weather code. Ceilings BKN below 3000ft in 33–43% of the zone; up to 3% below 500ft. Visibility below 5km in 5–22% of the zone — fog and low stratus in places. Winds very light 3–4kt. Temperatures 15–20°C. GAFOR Delta to Oscar; fog-affected areas Mike or worse. Allow time for morning fog to lift.

Ceil <1000ft: 4.6%

Ceil <3000ft: 42.5%

Vis <5km: 5.0%

Temp: 11.8-20.5°C

Wind: 4.1kt (max 10.9kt), gusts 21.8kt

CAPE: max 571 J/kg

Conditions improving through the afternoon. Ceilings lifting — FEW to SCT below 3000ft (13–21%). Visibility mostly good, below 5km in under 2%. Showers returning with CAPE 1240–1590 J/kg; 29–35% of zone reporting significant weather. Precipitation averaging 3.5–5mm/h. Winds light 5kt ENE. Thermals to 1900–2300ft. GAFOR Oscar to Charlie between showers, Delta near active cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 20.3%

Vis <5km: 1.1%

Temp: 14.4-26.1°C

Wind: 5.0kt (max 13.9kt), gusts 21.3kt

CAPE: max 1397 J/kg

Shower activity continues and increases — 35–41% of zone with significant weather, showers dominant. CAPE 1080–1590 J/kg. Precipitation up to 71mm/h locally. Ceilings SCT below 3000ft in 11–18%. Visibility reduced near showers. Gusts to 25kt. Winds 4–5kt ENE. Conditions declining into evening. GAFOR Oscar between cells, Delta to Mike near showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 11.0%

Vis <5km: 1.3%

Temp: 14.2-26.2°C

Wind: 4.9kt (max 18.5kt), gusts 24.6kt

CAPE: max 1242 J/kg

Heavy rain overnight continuing into morning — 76–81% of zone with precipitation, averaging 13–15mm/h. Ceilings SCT to BKN below 3000ft (29–49%); up to 2% below 500ft. Visibility significantly reduced — below 5km in up to 45% of the zone, below 8km in up to 49%. Winds light 4–5kt ENE. GAFOR Delta to Mike widespread; some Oscar in clearer areas. Challenging morning conditions.

prev: Charlie → Oscar

Ceil <500ft: 0.8%

Ceil <1000ft: 11.4%

Ceil <3000ft: 44.8%

Vis <5km: 16.3%

Temp: 14.1-21.7°C

Wind: 5.0kt (max 16.5kt), gusts 22.3kt

Gradual improvement as rain eases. Ceilings lifting — FEW to SCT below 3000ft (16–29%). Visibility mostly good, below 5km in under 2%. Showers still active with CAPE building to 900–1640 J/kg; 20–23% significant weather. Precipitation rates still elevated. Winds 5kt, backing to ESE. Temperatures recovering to 21–29°C. GAFOR Oscar to Charlie between showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.5%

Ceil <3000ft: 18.9%

Vis <5km: 1.6%

Temp: 16.8-28.4°C

Wind: 5.2kt (max 17.7kt), gusts 24.3kt

CAPE: max 1478 J/kg

Showers continuing but coverage reducing. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft — FEW below (8–11%). Visibility good across most of the zone. CAPE 1350–1590 J/kg with 16–22% significant weather. Precipitation rates still notable. Winds light, shifting northwesterly. Temperatures 22–29°C. Thermals to 1100–2400ft. GAFOR Oscar to Charlie, Delta near active showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.5%

Ceil <3000ft: 10.6%

Vis <5km: 0.4%

Temp: 17.4-28.7°C

Wind: 4.5kt (max 19.9kt), gusts 27.1kt

CAPE: max 1588 J/kg

Fog risk returns — dominant weather code fog, with 1–10% of zone below 5km visibility. Ceilings mostly above 3000ft (96–100% of zone). Precipitation still occurring (100% of zone with some rain — likely residual/light). CAPE 500–1570 J/kg building. Winds light southerly 4kt, gusts to 33kt locally. Pressure falling to 1012–1015hPa. GAFOR Charlie to Oscar; fog patches locally Mike.

Ceil <500ft: 3.3%

Ceil <1000ft: 8.3%

Ceil <3000ft: 15.5%

Vis <5km: 10.4%

Temp: 15.5-22.5°C

Wind: 3.5kt (max 13.3kt), gusts 25.2kt

CAPE: max 504 J/kg

Largely clear ceilings — 99% of zone above 3000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 24–30°C. CAPE very high at 1570–1630 J/kg with 30–36% of zone at convective risk. Significant weather developing in 2–15% of zone — rain and showers. Winds light southerly 5kt, gusts to 33kt near storms. Pressure 1010–1014hPa and falling. Afternoon convection risk increasing. GAFOR Charlie, but storm development likely.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.5%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.9-30.4°C

Wind: 4.7kt (max 9.8kt), gusts 24.4kt

CAPE: max 1632 J/kg

Active convective evening — 44% of zone with CAPE >500 J/kg, showers widespread (40–43% significant weather). Precipitation rates high. Ceilings FEW to SCT below 3000ft (2–7%). Visibility reduced near cells. Winds light southerly, gusts to 27kt. Pressure 1008–1010hPa. Conditions declining as pressure falls ahead of approaching system. GAFOR Oscar between cells, Delta to Mike near showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.0%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 17.4-28.4°C

Wind: 4.2kt (max 9.5kt), gusts 24.8kt

CAPE: max 1537 J/kg

Frontal passage underway — pressure 1004–1012hPa with 20hPa gradient indicating active front. Winds averaging 7kt westerly, gusts to 30kt. Ceilings BKN to OVC — 41% below 3000ft, 54% below 5000ft. Visibility reduced in 2% of zone. Showers and rain ongoing. Temperatures 14–21°C. Conditions trending to improve behind front but currently challenging. Expect turbulence in frontal zone.

Ceil <500ft: 0.2%

Ceil <1000ft: 1.8%

Ceil <3000ft: 47.0%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 14.9-24.3°C

Wind: 5.9kt (max 12.2kt), gusts 0.0kt

N. Italy & Adriatic ▶

Excellent conditions. Skies mostly clear — nearly all of the zone above 10,000ft. Visibility unrestricted. Temperatures 28–37°C. Winds light NW averaging 5kt, locally up to 19kt with gusts to 37kt in about 10% of the zone. Very high CAPE (3300–3800 J/kg) in roughly half the zone signals significant convective potential developing through the afternoon. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie, but isolated storm risk building.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 14.8-37.5°C

Wind: 5.8kt (max 16.0kt), gusts 34.8kt

CAPE: max 3812 J/kg

Convective activity increasing. Skies remain mostly clear (FEW below 10,000ft), visibility good. Temperatures 25–37°C. CAPE 3300–4000 J/kg across 37–49% of the zone — afternoon thunderstorm development likely in parts of the zone, especially inland. Winds light, averaging 3–6kt, but gusts to 41kt possible near convective cells. Isolated heavy showers possible. Monitor carefully for developing storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 14.3-37.0°C

Wind: 5.5kt (max 16.2kt), gusts 32.9kt

CAPE: max 3877 J/kg

Residual convective cloud possible — FEW below 10,000ft over about 13% of the zone, ceilings otherwise high. Visibility generally good with minor reductions in a few areas. Temperatures 20–36°C. Showers affecting 3–7% of the zone. CAPE 2400–3200 J/kg still elevated in 22–46% of the zone. Winds light 2–4kt. Gusts to 40kt near any lingering convection. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.2%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 11.0-29.3°C

Wind: 2.1kt (max 10.4kt), gusts 38.9kt

CAPE: max 2923 J/kg

Active convective period. FEW below 10,000ft across about 14% of the zone; ceilings high elsewhere. Visibility reduced below 5km in up to 2% of the zone near storms. Temperatures 28–40°C — extreme heat. CAPE 3200–3800 J/kg in 46–58% of the zone; thunderstorms affecting up to 7% of the zone. Showers widespread. Max gusts to 69kt near cells — dangerous for all aircraft. GAFOR Charlie for most; locally X-Ray near storms.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.1%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.8-39.0°C

Wind: 4.8kt (max 15.7kt), gusts 31.5kt

CAPE: max 3369 J/kg

Thunderstorm activity continuing. FEW below 10,000ft; ceilings high over most of the zone. Visibility locally reduced near storms (up to 2% below 5km). Temperatures 25–40°C. Thunderstorms in up to 14% of the zone, showers widespread. CAPE 3600–4000 J/kg in 40–54% of the zone. Max gusts to 69kt near cells — extreme hazard. Winds averaging 4–6kt otherwise. Conditions declining near active cells.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.5%

Vis <5km: 0.7%

Temp: 13.8-38.5°C

Wind: 6.0kt (max 22.2kt), gusts 49.5kt

CAPE: max 3970 J/kg

Post-convective morning with some residual low cloud and fog. Up to 7% of the zone below 3000ft; visibility below 5km in up to 7% of the zone — fog and mist in some areas (dominant wx code fog). Temperatures 20–30°C. CAPE 2300–2500 J/kg in 29–35% of the zone — convection possible again later. Winds very light 2kt. Predominantly GAFOR Oscar/Charlie; locally Delta or Mike in fog patches.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.3%

Ceil <3000ft: 2.5%

Vis <5km: 1.4%

Temp: 11.2-29.6°C

Wind: 1.6kt (max 8.9kt), gusts 27.5kt

CAPE: max 2321 J/kg

Skies clearing well — FEW below 3000ft (under 2%). Visibility excellent. Temperatures 30–40°C — very hot. Extremely high CAPE 4200–5000 J/kg in 80–91% of the zone — major convective outbreak likely. Showers affecting 18–31% of the zone with heavy rain possible (max 22mm/h). Winds light 4–5kt, gusts to 42kt near storms. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie between cells; locally dangerous near convection.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.7%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.8-38.1°C

Wind: 4.4kt (max 11.2kt), gusts 32.4kt

CAPE: max 4782 J/kg

Intense convective activity. Skies mostly clear above 3000ft (FEW below 3000ft in under 2%). Visibility good away from cells. Temperatures 27–40°C. CAPE 4200–4400 J/kg in 91–94% of the zone — exceptionally high. Showers in 31–47% of the zone, heavy (max 26mm/h). Gusts to 40kt near cells. Winds averaging 4–5kt. Extreme convective hazard across much of the zone.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.7%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 17.7-37.9°C

Wind: 4.8kt (max 13.6kt), gusts 36.9kt

CAPE: max 4343 J/kg

Significant cloud and shower activity. FEW-SCT below 3000ft (7–19% of zone below 3000ft); up to 24% below 5000ft. Visibility below 5km in up to 9% of the zone. Temperatures 22–33°C. Showers affecting 71–78% of the zone with heavy rain (avg 3mm/h, max 31mm/h). CAPE 2900–3100 J/kg in 61–84% of the zone. Winds light 3–4kt, gusts to 37kt. Predominantly GAFOR Oscar; locally Delta near heavy showers.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.6%

Ceil <3000ft: 18.6%

Vis <5km: 4.3%

Temp: 14.4-28.8°C

Wind: 3.3kt (max 17.0kt), gusts 34.2kt

CAPE: max 2904 J/kg

Shower activity easing slightly but still widespread. FEW below 5000ft (up to 21% below 5000ft). Visibility good. Temperatures 26–37°C. Showers in 78% of the zone, heavy (avg 3mm/h). CAPE 3100–4000 J/kg in 84–95% of the zone — convection rebuilding strongly. Winds light 4kt, gusts to 39kt near cells. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie/Oscar between cells; locally hazardous near convection.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 1.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 19.5-35.6°C

Wind: 3.9kt (max 11.6kt), gusts 34.6kt

CAPE: max 3897 J/kg

Skies clearing — nearly all of the zone above 5000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 27–38°C. Showers still affecting 79% of the zone (avg 3mm/h, max 32kt). CAPE 4100–4500 J/kg in 96–98% of the zone — extremely high. Gusts to 40kt near convective cells. Winds averaging 4–5kt. Despite clearing skies in much of the zone, convective risk remains very high.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 18.5-37.8°C

Wind: 5.1kt (max 13.4kt), gusts 40.0kt

CAPE: max 4521 J/kg

Mostly clear with some shower-related cloud. FEW below 3000ft (up to 10% of zone below 3000ft); up to 13% below 5000ft. Visibility below 5km in up to 4% of the zone. Temperatures 24–37°C. Showers in 80% of the zone (avg 4mm/h, max 38mm/h). CAPE 3200 J/kg in 60–90% of the zone. Gusts to 42kt near cells — caution. Winds light 3–5kt. Trending toward continued convective activity.

Ceil <500ft: 0.2%

Ceil <1000ft: 0.4%

Ceil <3000ft: 9.6%

Vis <5km: 4.2%

Temp: 12.6-30.0°C

Wind: 3.2kt (max 14.0kt), gusts 42.1kt

CAPE: max 3265 J/kg

Hot and convectively active. FEW below 5000ft (up to 13% of zone). Visibility excellent. Temperatures 28–42°C — extreme heat. Showers in 80% of the zone (avg 4mm/h). CAPE 3200–4200 J/kg in 90–97% of the zone. Gusts to 44kt near cells. Winds averaging 5–6kt. Pressure falling (1011–1014hPa) suggesting approaching trough. Convective hazard very high.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.1%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 15.9-41.7°C

Wind: 6.0kt (max 15.7kt), gusts 43.9kt

CAPE: max 4201 J/kg

Intense convective activity continuing. Skies mostly clear above 3000ft. Visibility excellent. Temperatures 28–41°C. Showers in 81% of the zone (avg 4mm/h, max 42mm/h). CAPE 4200–4900 J/kg in 92–97% of the zone — extreme. Gusts to 49kt near cells — dangerous for all aircraft. Winds averaging 5–7kt. Pressure 1008–1017hPa with increasing gradient. Conditions deteriorating toward evening.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.2%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 15.6-40.9°C

Wind: 6.5kt (max 15.9kt), gusts 49.0kt

CAPE: max 4946 J/kg

Active shower regime with some cloud. FEW below 3000ft (8% of zone). Visibility below 5km in about 2% of the zone. Temperatures 25–30°C. Showers in 82% of the zone (avg 5mm/h, max 61mm/h — very heavy). CAPE 3300 J/kg in 63% of the zone. Winds averaging 4kt, locally up to 23kt; gusts to 43kt. Pressure gradient increasing (20hPa) with westerly flow developing. Convective and wind hazards significant.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 0.0%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 12.3-33.4°C

Wind: 4.2kt (max 17.9kt), gusts 0.0kt

CAPE: max 3652 J/kg

British Isles ▶

High pressure 1025hPa. Mostly clear with FEW clouds below 3000ft in parts of the zone. Visibility excellent. Winds NE averaging 12kt, gusts reaching 38–41kt in 63–73% of the zone — hazardous for light aircraft. Temperatures 18–29°C. Thermals to 4000–5000ft AGL. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

prev: Charlie → Oscar

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 24.8%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 12.5-27.3°C

Wind: 12.1kt (max 22.5kt), gusts 40.7kt

Conditions improving slightly — ceilings lifting, FEW below 3000ft. Visibility excellent. NE winds 10–13kt, gusts 40–43kt persisting — still hazardous for light aircraft. Temperatures 18–30°C. Thermals to 4700–5600ft. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 14.1%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 12.0-29.4°C

Wind: 12.4kt (max 23.5kt), gusts 42.9kt

Fog and low cloud developing overnight. Up to 10% of the zone below 500ft, around 20% below 1000ft, and 45–83% below 3000ft. Visibility reduced in 10–13% of the zone below 8km, fog affecting some areas. Winds NE 8–10kt, gusts locally to 47–53kt — dangerous. Temperatures 13–24°C. GAFOR Oscar to Delta in fog-affected areas, Charlie elsewhere.

Ceil <500ft: 0.2%

Ceil <1000ft: 7.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 81.0%

Vis <5km: 5.4%

Temp: 7.7-19.3°C

Wind: 9.2kt (max 26.4kt), gusts 52.0kt

Fog and low cloud clearing. FEW below 3000ft (13–45%). Visibility good. NE winds 10–11kt, gusts 40–47kt — hazardous for light aircraft. Temperatures 19–32°C. Thermals to 4000–9800ft. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 1.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 19.3%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 12.3-28.1°C

Wind: 11.0kt (max 21.1kt), gusts 40.8kt

Largely clear. FEW below 3000ft (10–13%). Visibility excellent. NE winds 9–11kt, gusts 32–40kt — notable for light aircraft. Temperatures 21–32°C. Thermals to 9800ft. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.5%

Ceil <3000ft: 10.8%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.0-32.1°C

Wind: 10.8kt (max 20.6kt), gusts 34.9kt

Fog and low stratus widespread — 32–53% of the zone below 1000ft, 68–72% below 3000ft. Visibility significantly reduced: 14–35% below 5km, 17–41% below 8km. Fog affecting a significant portion of the zone. Light NE winds 6–8kt, gusts to 35–36kt. Temperatures 14–20°C. GAFOR Delta to Mike in fog areas; Charlie where clear.

prev: Delta → Mike

Ceil <500ft: 1.8%

Ceil <1000ft: 32.4%

Ceil <3000ft: 67.9%

Vis <5km: 14.1%

Temp: 8.5-20.3°C

Wind: 7.5kt (max 20.1kt), gusts 35.9kt

Fog clearing, conditions improving markedly. FEW below 3000ft (8–21%). Visibility excellent. NE winds 8kt, gusts 29–32kt. Temperatures 19–31°C. Thermals to 3300–9800ft. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.6%

Ceil <3000ft: 15.0%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.1-27.9°C

Wind: 8.0kt (max 19.8kt), gusts 29.5kt

Clear and settled. SKC to FEW below 3000ft (6–8%). Visibility excellent. NE winds 7–8kt, gusts 28–29kt. Temperatures 20–31°C. Thermals to 9800ft. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.0%

Ceil <3000ft: 6.1%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.6-31.1°C

Wind: 8.4kt (max 20.5kt), gusts 28.7kt

Patchy fog and low cloud returning — up to 26% below 1000ft, 20–38% below 3000ft. Visibility reduced in up to 26–30% of the zone below 5–8km. Light NE winds 5–6kt, gusts to 25–27kt. Temperatures 14–25°C. GAFOR Oscar to Delta in fog patches; Charlie elsewhere.

Ceil <500ft: 3.0%

Ceil <1000ft: 17.9%

Ceil <3000ft: 36.0%

Vis <5km: 12.6%

Temp: 8.9-20.7°C

Wind: 5.3kt (max 19.8kt), gusts 27.3kt

Fog clearing. FEW below 3000ft (11–20%). Visibility good. NE winds 6–7kt, gusts 26–27kt. Temperatures 19–29°C. Thermals to 6500–9800ft. Predominantly GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 2.5%

Ceil <3000ft: 13.4%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 12.9-27.3°C

Wind: 6.5kt (max 18.3kt), gusts 25.6kt

Clear and warm. FEW below 3000ft (8–9%). Visibility excellent. NE winds 7kt, gusts 26–27kt. Temperatures 21–30°C. Thermals to 9800ft. GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 1.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 8.4%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 13.5-30.5°C

Wind: 7.3kt (max 19.5kt), gusts 27.2kt

CAPE: max 566 J/kg

Low cloud and possible fog — 44–49% of the zone below 3000ft, up to 17% below 1000ft. Visibility slightly reduced in up to 3% of the zone. Northerly winds 8–10kt, gusts 30–33kt. Temperatures 15–26°C. Pressure easing to 1020hPa. Trending toward GAFOR Oscar to Charlie.

Ceil <500ft: 0.1%

Ceil <1000ft: 17.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 49.4%

Vis <5km: 2.6%

Temp: 8.8-21.0°C

Wind: 7.8kt (max 20.5kt), gusts 29.6kt

Conditions declining slightly — 33–45% below 3000ft, up to 4% below 1000ft. Visibility good. Northerly winds 10kt, gusts 33–37kt. Temperatures 18–29°C. Pressure 1020hPa. Trending toward GAFOR Oscar to Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 1.5%

Ceil <3000ft: 32.9%

Vis <5km: 0.1%

Temp: 12.1-29.2°C

Wind: 10.2kt (max 21.8kt), gusts 36.5kt

FEW to SCT below 3000ft (18–23%). Visibility excellent. Northerly winds 11kt, gusts 35kt, with 39% of the zone experiencing gusts above 20kt. Temperatures 20–31°C. Pressure holding 1020hPa. Trending GAFOR Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.2%

Ceil <3000ft: 22.5%

Vis <5km: 0.0%

Temp: 13.3-30.5°C

Wind: 10.9kt (max 22.6kt), gusts 34.8kt

Pressure gradient tightening (1003–1024hPa domain-wide). FEW below 3000ft (27%). Visibility generally good, minor fog patches possible. Northerly winds 8kt, gusts 30kt, 23% of zone with gusts above 20kt. Temperatures 14–19°C. Light showers possible. Trending GAFOR Oscar to Charlie.

Ceil <1000ft: 0.1%

Ceil <3000ft: 56.8%

Vis <5km: 0.2%

Temp: 10.8-22.7°C

Wind: 11.2kt (max 23.4kt), gusts 0.0kt

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